the urinary system

Question 1

functions od kidneys

Answer 1

1. excrete most wasate products of metabolism and
2. major role in controlling water and electrolyte balance and acid-base balance (homeostasis)
3. secrete urea

Question 2

location of kidneys

Answer 2

on upper part of post abominal wall between T12 and L3

Question 3

kidneys are ()peritoneal

Answer 3

retroperitoneal

Question 4

which kidney is lower and why

Answer 4

right cause ofliver

Question 5

what border find hilum

Answer 5

medial

Question 6

major structure of hilum

Answer 6

renal vein, renal a, renal pelvis (from anterior to posterior) VAP

Question 7

anterior relations on right kidney

Answer 7

liver, colon, small intestine, duodenum, suprarenal

Question 8

anterior relations on left kidney

Answer 8

suprarenal, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, colon, spleen

Question 9

posterior relations of kidneys

Answer 9

diaphragm, 11th (left kid only) and 12th rib, aponeurosis of transversus abd muscle, quadratus muscle , psoas major, subcoastal n, iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal n

Question 10

what are the coverings of the kidneys and what do they do

Answer 10

fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia,pararenal fat

it support kidneys and hold them in position

Question 11

renal fascia continuous laterally with

Answer 11

fascia transversallis

Question 12

skinny person is predisposed to

Answer 12

nephroptosis

Question 13

nephroptosis is

Answer 13

kidney descends cause nothing holding it up fat not there

Question 14

what can result after nephroptosis

Answer 14

ureter gets obstructed which can lead to renal stones and uti

Question 15

besides skinny people who else gets nephroptosis

Answer 15

atv riders

Question 16

perirenal fat surrounds

Answer 16

capsule

Question 17

what surrounds perirenal fat

Answer 17

renal fascia

Question 18

what covers fascia

Answer 18

pararenal fat

Question 19

order of coverings superficial to deep

Answer 19

pararenal fat, renal fascia, perineal fat, capsule

Question 20

what are the internal structures of kidney

Answer 20

cortex, medulla, renal sinus

Question 21

whats in cortex

Answer 21

renal columns

Question 22

whats in medulla

Answer 22

renal pyramids

Question 23

the apex/papilla of pyramids projects towards

Answer 23

renal sinus

Question 24

whats in renal sinus

Answer 24

branches of renal artery
tributaries of renal v
autonomic nerves
lymphatic vessels
calyces (minor and major)
renal pelvis
adipose tissue

Question 25

whats found between renal pyramids

Answer 25

renal columns which are exntensions of renal cortex

Question 26

where find collecting tubules/ducts

Answer 26

in pyramids

Question 27

why does pyramids look striated

Answer 27

collecting tubules

Question 28

what receives the apex

Answer 28

minor calyx

Question 29

2-3 minor calyx units form

Answer 29

major calyx

Question 30

order of pee made

Answer 30

cortex > medulla > pyramids >apexminor > major > renal pelvis > ureter

Question 31

what is the renal sinus

Answer 31

space usually filled with fat and where the blood is

Question 32

what is the opening of the sinus called

Answer 32

hilum

Question 33

blood supply of the kidneys in order

Answer 33

renal artery > segmental arteries > loar arteries > arcuate arteries >interlobular arteries

Question 34

nerve supply of kidney

Answer 34

renal sympathetic plexus also vagus preg para, lesser, least, lumbar splanchnic (l1) makes renal pelvis

Question 35

what fibers does the renal sympathetic plexus have (similar to celiac plexus)

Answer 35

gva, preg para, post symp and ends of preg symp cause some fibers come to suprarenal gland

Question 36

where dose the gva fibers of renal plexus travel through

Answer 36

spinal cord in the 10th, 11th, and 12th thoracic nerves

Question 37

what is the referred pain pattern of kidney

Answer 37

along t12 dermatome so loin to the groin (line to groin)

Question 38

ureters extend from

Answer 38

kidney to urinary bladder

Question 39

course of ureters

Answer 39

1. downward posterior to parietal peritoneum and anterior to psoas 2. passes anterior to bifurcatio of common iliac artery to enter pelvis 3. runs down on lateral pelvic wall to level of ischial spine in pelvic cavity 4. turns forward to terminate in urinary bladder

Question 40

what are teh constrictions of the ureters

Answer 40

1. ureterolpelvic junction: where renal pelvis joins ureter 2. as it crosses pelvic brim 3. where it pierces bladder wall: prevents backflow

Question 41

what is the importance of constrictions

Answer 41

where can get stones stuck

Question 42

retrograde flow

Answer 42

Backwards flow of urine to ureters

Question 43

blood supply of upper portion of ureter

Answer 43

renal arteries

Question 44

blood supply of middle portion of ureter

Answer 44

testicular/ovarian/gonadal arteries

Question 45

blood supply of lower portion of ureters

Answer 45

superior vesical

Question 46

nerve supply of ureters

Answer 46

renal, testicular/ovarian ,and hypogastric plexuses