suprarenal gland

Question 1

suprarenal gland is a () gland that secretes into ()

Answer 1

ductless endocrine gland, into blood stream

Question 2

where is the suprarenal gland

Answer 2

superomedially on pole of each kidney

Question 3

supra gland is ()peritoneal

Answer 3

retroperitoneal

Question 4

supra gland has capsule of

Answer 4

perinephric fascia

Question 5

two layers of supra gland

Answer 5

cortex, medulla

Question 6

shape of right gland

Answer 6

pyramidal

Question 7

shape of left gland

Answer 7

crescentic

Question 8

what are the layers of the cortex of supra gland

Answer 8

zona glomerulosa, z fasciculata, z reticularis

Question 9

what does z glomerulosa secrete and example

Answer 9

mineralocorticoids ex: aldosterone

Question 10

what does aldosterone do

Answer 10

acts on kidneys by increasing renal reabsorption of sodium so maintains water and electrolyte balance (conserve sodium)

Question 11

what does z fasciculata secrete and ex

Answer 11

glucocorticoids ex: cortisol

Question 12

what does cortisol do

Answer 12

moblizes carbs and fats
increase blood glucose levels cause it converts glycogen to glucose

it favors gluconeogensis

Question 13

what is gluconeogensis

Answer 13

production of glucose from proteins and fats

Question 14

what does z reticularis secrete and ex

Answer 14

sex hormones ex: androgen and estrogen

Question 15

estrogen is degraded by the () and () overrides it so thats why men get ()

Answer 15

liver, testosterone, gynocomastia

Question 16

why women get mustach after menopause

Answer 16

cause they have less estrogen and liver is degrading it

Question 17

medulla secertes and example

Answer 17

catecholamines ex: norepinephrine and epinepherine

Question 18

sympathoneumatic whats part of it

Answer 18

sympathetic responses from norepinephrine and epinephrine

mimics mind

Question 19

what happens when get heart transplant and excercise

Answer 19

nerve supply cut off, rely on nodes, if excercise get increased heart rate and itll take long time to slow down cuase hormones goin to blood not immediate like nerves

Question 20

blood supply of the supra glands

Answer 20

superior suprarenal a, middle suprarenal , inferior suprarenal a

Question 21

the superior suprarenal a is a branch of the

Answer 21

inferior phrenic

Question 22

the middle suprarenal a branch of

Answer 22

abdominal aorta

Question 23

the inferior suprarenal a is branch of

Answer 23

renal a

Question 24

veinous drainage of supra gl

Answer 24

right suprarenal vein, left suprarenal v (only one pair of v)

Question 25

the right suprarenal v drains into

Answer 25

IVC

Question 26

theleft suprarenal v drains into

Answer 26

left renal v

Question 27

lymph of suprarenal gland drains into

Answer 27

para-aortic lymph nodes (nexts to aorta)

Question 28

why does the left suprarenal v drain into the left renal v

Answer 28

cause ivc is more on the right side

Question 29

nerve supply of the suprarenal gland medulla

Answer 29

abdominopelic lesser, least (t10-L1) splanchnic fibers (preg symp)

Question 30

nerve supply of supra gland cortex

Answer 30

vasomotor nerve (also symp) by following blood vessels

Question 31

adrenal medulla cells are

Answer 31

modified post g symp neurons (they dont have axons or dendrites) and stimulated to produce neuroepin and epin

Question 32

preg para and symp both secrete

Answer 32

acetylocholine

Question 33

post gang symp secretes

Answer 33

epinepherine

Question 34

post gang para secretes

Answer 34

acetylcholine

Question 35

some nerves go directly to the () and dont synapse at the ganglion

Answer 35

adrenall medulla

Question 36

aldosteronism

Answer 36

increased secretion of aldosterone either from atumor of adrenal gland or pituitary gland producing too much acth

Question 37

acth tells glands to secrete more

Answer 37

aldosterone

Question 38

2 kinds aof aldosteronism

Answer 38

primary and secondary aldosteronism

Question 39

what is primary aldosteronism

Answer 39

where problem occurs within adrenal cortex (like a tumor)

Question 40

what is secondary aldosteronism

Answer 40

where problem is from pituitary gland and produces too much acth tha affects adrenal cortex

Question 41

what does acth stand for

Answer 41

adrenalcorticotropic hormone

Question 42

what happens with aldosteronism when have increase aldosterone secretion

Answer 42

1. increased sodium retention and postassium excretion | 2. that leads to hypertension and decreased muscle and neuron response to stimulation

Question 43

what does aldosterone affects

Answer 43

renal tubules so sodium is more absorbed (hypertension) and potassium excreted (decreased muscle responses) to maintain electroneutrality

Question 44

what does the doc tell patient to do with aldosteronism

Answer 44

they are taking diuretics and to start eating bananas cause feel weak

Question 45

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 45

androgens too much in unborn child affecting external genitallia

Question 46

what happens to agirl baby that has cah

Answer 46

clit enlarges to be like a penis and labia majora closes also hirutism, baldness, androgenic flush, small breasts, male escutcheon

Question 47

hirsutism is

Answer 47

increase facial hair/body hair

Question 48

androgenic flush

Answer 48

redness of skin

Question 49

male escutcheon

Answer 49

happy tail

Question 50

Cushing's syndrome

Answer 50

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

Question 51

what does hypersection of glucocorticoids mean

Answer 51

increased blood sugar level so it increase fat deposit

Question 52

affects of cushing's

Answer 52

moon face, buffalo hump (fat on back), pendulous abdomen, striae (stretch marks), poor wound healing (glucose acts as good culture for bacteria), poor muscle development (cause muscle protein is converted to sugar leading to muscle atrophy), decreased life span

Question 53

addison's disease is

Answer 53

decreased secretion of glucocorticoids

Question 54

what is the affects of addison's disease

Answer 54

hyperpigmentation because glucocorticoids level sends asignal to gland to produce more acth which has affect of melanin production