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Maris anatomy 1 > liver and gallbladder > Flashcards

liver and gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

largest visceral organ in body

A

liver

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2
Q

largest organ

A

skin

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3
Q

location of liver

A

right hypochondrium extding to left hypocho

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4
Q

functions of liver

A

chief site of intermediary metablism, secretes bile, syntehsize serum proteins and lipids, processes endogenous and exogenous substances, participates in elimantion of senescent cells and particulate matter, fetal life hematopoiesis

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5
Q

bile does what

A

emulsifies fat into miceles (cause fat insoluble in water)

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6
Q

if liver cant produce bile or backed up by gall stone you could get

A

fatty stool/greasy diarreha

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7
Q

greasy diarehea aka

A

setatorrhea

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8
Q

serum proteins include

A

albumin (maintins osmotic pressure in blood) fibrinogen (blood clot) aminoglobun

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9
Q

senescent cells

A

aging cells

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10
Q

what cells line liver sinusoids and engulf stuff

A

von kuffer cells

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11
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood

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12
Q

how palpate liver

A

put finger under right costal margin and ask patient to inhale and then u acn feel inferior edge of liver

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13
Q

surfaces of liver

A

diapragmatic (subphrenic and hepatorenal) and visceral

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14
Q

visceral surface is covered by ( ) except in the ( ) and ( )

A

visceral peritoneum, except fossa for GB and porta hepatis

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15
Q

porta hepatis is related to

A

r anterior part of stomach, superior part of duodenum, lesser omentum, gallbladder, r colic flexure, r transverse colon, r suprarenal gland and kidney

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16
Q

structually caudate and quadrate apart of

A

right lobe

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17
Q

functionally caudate and quadrate part of

A

left lobe

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18
Q

what goes through porta hepatis (hilum)

A

r/l hepatic arteries, r/l hepatic ducts, portain vein, sp and ps nerve fibers, lymphatics

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19
Q

what is between quadrate and right lobe of liver

A

fossa of gallbladder

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20
Q

caudate looks

A

elongated and superiorly

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21
Q

quadrate looks

A

like a cube and inferiorly

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22
Q

why functionally with left lobe

A

same blood supply, venous drainalge and and bile drainage (left hepatic duct)

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23
Q

falciform ligament

A

wide membranous lig that extends from diapraghm to umbilicus,

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24
Q

what serves as devercation between right and left lobe

A

falciform lig

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25
where do you find the hilum/porta hepatis
Posterior inferrior side (visceral surface)
26
ligamentum venosum is remnant of
ductus venosum
27
round ligament is remnant of
umbilical vein
28
what to ligaments run together
falciform and round lig
29
round lig aka
teres hepatis
30
the round lig extends all teh way to the
umbilicus
31
r and l ( ) lig attach the liver to the diapragm
r and l triangular lig
32
the triangular ligs are extensions of the
peritoneum
33
the triangular ligs all around liver combine to make the
coronary lig
34
bare area is surrounded by
coronary lig
35
what is the bare area
where diapragm touches liver, visceral peritoneum dissapears
36
falciform lig attaches liver to
diapgram, ant abd wall, umbilicus
37
at inferior edge of falciform is the
round lig
38
inferior border is usually
sharp
39
if inferior border is rounded it menas the liver is
enlarged
40
ligament of vena cava holds what in place
inferior vena cava b/w caudate and right lobe
41
b/w caudate and left lobe find
ligamentum venosum
42
whats b/w right and caudate lobe
inferior vena cava
43
what two make common hepatic duct
right adn left hepatic duct
44
b/w right and quadrate
gallbladder
45
b/w quadrate and left
round lig
46
right hepatic vein carries blood FROM
right lobe of liver (deox)
47
left hepatic vein carries blood from
left lobe, caud, quad, to inferioir v.c
48
porta vein carries
de ox blood rich with nutrients TO LIVER from intestines stomach
49
why is liver chief intermediate in digestion
cuase blood from portal vein carries nutrient sfrom stomach
50
hepatic artery carries
oxygenated blood
51
radiating from lobule and arranged into cords is
hepatocytes
52
in between cords are modified capillaries called
liver sinusoids
53
sinusoids are surrounded by
reticuloendothelial cells aka von kuppfer cells
54
flow chart of blood for the liver
portal vein, portal venioles, sinusoids, central veins, sublobar veins, hepatic veins, inferior v.c
55
basic idea behind liver cerosis
sinusoids are ablitereated, liver becoems smaller and contraacted and cells replaced by fibrocysts so now blood cant go through liver -> portal hypertension
56
portal hypertension
the bp of portal vein increases
57
what comes off of hte abdominal aorta
celiac trunk
58
celiac trunk breaks into these 3 thigns
left gastric, splenic arter, common hepatic
59
splenic artery goes behidn () and goes to ()
behind stomach and spleen
60
common hepatic splits into two
proper hepatic a (goes to liver) and gastric duodenal
61
proper hepatic artery splits into two
r and l hepatic a
62
portal vein made from two
splenic and superior mesentery
63
sometimes see this v join portal vein (normal variation)
inferior mesenteric v
64
hepatorenal shunt
make a connection b/w portal and renal vein so blood can go out and relieves pressure of liver
65
left gastric vein anastomes with
esophageal tributaries of azygos system
66
consequences of anastomes with esophageal trib
get varicose veins (esophageal varices with the esophageal tributary), get metalic taste in mouth cause blood rich in iron, ruptures so throw up blood
67
paraumbilical veins anastome with
superficial abdominal veins/ superficial epigastric veins
68
paraumbilical veins run along side
ligamentum teres
69
consequences of paraumb anastomes
engorge and dialte and are visible (tortuos)
70
capit madusa
when superficial abdominal veins are visible, winly and snake like see in pregnant woman
71
superior rectal veins anastome with
middle and inferior rectal veins
72
consequence of superior anastome with rectal vein
engorge and get internal hemaroids
73
tributaries of celiac, super and inferior mesenteric veins anastome with
renal phrenic and lumbar veins
74
retroperitoneal veins with increase portal vein pressure start to
ooze out ultrafiltrate of blood so get peritoneal fluid in cavaity aka ascites
75
lymphatic drainage of liver
hepatic nodes, then celiac nodes, then cisterna chyli
76
nerve supply of liver is
celiac plexus
77
celiac plexus is intermingling of
gva, preg para, post symp
78
hepatic enchepalopathy
brain damage from liver, if liver not working amonia goes to brain cause it wasnt converted to urea
79
sign have hepatic enchepalopathy
have problems with concentrastion and asterectis (hold hand out and flop down)
80
prevertebral ganglion around celiac trunk called
celiac ganglion
81
post gang symp fiber cell bodies located in
celiac ganglion
82
pregang symp cell bodies foudn in
lateral horns of t5-9 cause of greater splanchnic nerve
83
vagus nerve carrys
gva nad pre gang para
84
vagus just passes
celiac ganglia
85
sympathetic afferent fibers
gva accompaning sympathetic (the gva is not part of ans cause ans only has visceral motor)
86
() can send pain to skin, right shoulder
parietal peritoneum
87
the bilary system consists of
r/l hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, gallblad and cystic duct, common bile duct
88
bilirubin
byproduct of rbc metabolism and in bile
89
liver cells make bile and it goes through () to ducts
bile caniliculi
90
the hepatic duct and cystic duct combine to make
common bile duct
91
common bile duct enters teh second portion of the
duodenum
92
before common bile duct enters second port of duodenum () joins it
pancreatic duct
93
duct can hold how much bile
30-50ml
94
fundus
rounded and projects beyond inferior margin of liver
95
body of gb
lies in contact with visceral surface of lvier
96
neck of gb
continuous with cystic duct
97
gb relases bile when stimulated by
cholecystokinin
98
blood supply of gb
cystic a
99
nerve supply of gb
celiac plexs
100
what keeps cystic duct lumen open
spiral folds
101
how long i s cystic duct
1.5 in
102
cystic a is a branch of
r hepatic a
103
colesectomy
remove gb
104
hepatopancreatic ampulla
dialted opening found in major duodenum papilla where comon bile duct enters
105
surrounding hepatopancreatic ampulla is
smooth muscle called hepatopancreatic sphincter or sphincter oddi
106
sphincter oddie does what
regulates amount of bile entering duode.
107
hepatomegaly
enlargement of liver due to metastatic carcinoma or lvier cirrhosis
108
jandice
yellowish discoloration of skin and sclera due to hyperbilirubinemia
109
alcohol cirrhosis
progressive destruction of hepatocytes and replacement of them by fibrous tisse, leads to portal hypertension
110
cholelithiasis (gallstones)
due to crystallization of bile salts and cholesterol 5F's
111
5F's are
points prone to cholelithiasis, female, fat, forties, fertile, flattus (gassy)
112
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
incision near umbilicus
113
ERCP
endoscopic retrograd cholangiopancreatopgrahy: endoscopic through mouth to bile duct to crush gallstone

Maris anatomy 1 (18 decks)

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