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Anatomy And Physiology II > The Urinary System > Flashcards

The Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the four basic structures of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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1
Q

What are the two basic functions of the urinary system?

A

Removal of toxic levels of normal substances in the body and body fluid regulation (blood volume content)

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2
Q

Where is the kidney located?

A

In abdominopelvic cavity retro peritoneal

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3
Q

What is the adipose capsule?

A

Fatty capsule that isolates and surrounds the kidneys

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4
Q

What is the renal capsule?

A

Directly around the kidney under the adipose capsule

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5
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

Outter bulk of kidney tissue

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6
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

Makes up central bulk of the kidney

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7
Q

What is the perinkaima?

A

Renal cortex and medulla

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8
Q

What are the renal pyramids?

A

Cone shaped structures that make up renal medulla

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9
Q

What is the nephron?

A

The functional unit of the kidney. Where urine is formed

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10
Q

How many nephrons does a cat have?

A

200,000/kidney

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11
Q

How many nephrons does a dog have?

A

700,000/kidney

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12
Q

What is a calyx?

A

Funnel like structure that a nephron empties into

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13
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

Where all the clauses empty into the ureter

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14
Q

What is urine?

A

A byproduct of blood

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15
Q

Where is the only place where one artery goes into another artery?

A

Afferent and efferent arteries

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16
Q

What are the segmental arteries?

A

Branches off renal arteries, lead toward arteries that branch I between the pyramids

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17
Q

What are the inter lobar arteries?

A

Arteries I between the pyramids

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18
Q

What are the arcuate arteries?

A

Extend over the tops if the pyramids

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19
Q

What are the inter lobar arteries?

A

Branch into afferent arteries

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20
Q

What are afferent arteries?

A

Lead to glomerulosa

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21
Q

What are efferent arteries?

A

Goes to inter lobar viens

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22
Q

Explain the blood flow through the kidneys

A

Segmental A-Interlobar A-arcuate A-inter lobular A- afferent A- efferent a- inter lobular V- arcuate V- Interlobar V- segmental V- renal v

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23
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

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24
Q

Where are the nephrons located?

A

In the medulla

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25
Q

What is the function if he nephron?

A

Filter blood and control blood volume

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26
Q

What are the two structures of the nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle and bowmans capsule

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27
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

Tuft of tiny capillaries

28
Q

Where is the glomerulus located?

A

Renal corpuscle

29
Q

What has the highest hydrostatic pressure in the body?

A

Glomerulus

30
Q

What is the bowmans capsule made of?

A

Parietal epithelium

31
Q

What extends inward towards the center if the bowmans capsule and forms layers over the capillaries?2

A

Visceral epithelium

32
Q

What are podocytes?

A

Wrap around capillaries

33
Q

What are the filtration slits?

A

Formed from interlocked podocytes

34
Q

What moves easily through the filteration slits?

A

Water, amino acids, enzymes, electrolytes, glucose

35
Q

What cannot go through filteration slits?

A

Blood cells and protiens

36
Q

What are the four basic structures of the nephron?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

37
Q

What is the PCT?

A

Extension from the renal corpuscle to the loop of henle

38
Q

What is the loop of henle?

A

Long dip in the nephron that goes to the center of the kidney and then back up

39
Q

What is the DCt?

A

Gets twisty and empties into the collecting duct

40
Q

What is the collecting duct?

A

Where the DCR dumps into

41
Q

What is the peri tubular capillaries?

A

They surround pct and DCt

42
Q

What is the vasa recta?

A

Mostly around the loop of henle

43
Q

What is glomerular filtrate?

A

Plasma being forced out if glomerular capillaries into the bowmans. Capsule

44
Q

What is the glomerular filtrate rate?

A

Mls of blood filtered though the glomeruli of the kidneys per min

45
Q

What is tubular filtrate mostly made of?

A

Water

46
Q

How much of tubular filteration is transported through the walls of the PCT?

A

80%

47
Q

How does the fluid move through the tubular walls?

A

ADH

48
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Travels to the kidney and amuses the wall of the nephron to be more porous

49
Q

What are the substances that are transported in the tubular filtrate?

A

Water glucose and electrolytes

50
Q

What are 5 electrolytes

A

K, cl, mg, ca, NA

51
Q

Inside the DCT how much is reabsorbed?

A

15%

52
Q

What are the substances reabsorbed in the DCT?

A

Water, electrolytes, urea

53
Q

What influences the dtc?

A

Aldosterone

54
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Increases reabsorption of sodium from the tubule back to the bloodstream

55
Q

What two molecules follow each other like best friends?

A

Water and sodium

56
Q

What is the DCT responsible for?

A

Secretion

57
Q

What is secretion?

A

Movement of substances from peri tubular capillaries to the DCT

58
Q

What are the two hormones that influence amount of reabsorption occurring between nephrons and the blood stream?

A

ADH and aldosterone

59
Q

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Solely to control blood pressure in the body

60
Q

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located?

A

Built into the walls of part of the DCT and afferent and. Efferent arteries

61
Q

What do jg cells produce?

A

Renin

62
Q

What is renin?

A

Produced for low BP

63
Q

Where are jg cells located?

A

In afferent arteriolar

64
Q

What is the macula densa?

A

Built into the wall of the DCT

65
Q

What does the macula densa produce?

A

Renin inhibitor

66
Q

What are the ureters capable of?

A

Paristalsis

67
Q

What is the urinary bladder mostly made of?

A

Transitional epithelial cells

68
Q

What is the trigon?

A

Make sensation for urination. Made if nerve receptor cells

Anatomy And Physiology II (6 decks)

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