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Anatomy And Physiology II > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

0
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Encapsulates entire eyeball, mostly white, tough. Anterior is clear (cornea)

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1
Q

What are the 3 tunics of the eye?

A

Sclera, choroid, and retina

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2
Q

What are corneal abrasions?

A

Scratches on the cornea/any irregularity on the surface of the eye

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3
Q

Is it ok to use steroids on a corneal abrasion?

A

No, because it hinders the healing process.

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4
Q

What is the coroid?

A

Lines the posterior part of the eye, thin and black.

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5
Q

Which tunic contains most of the vasculature for the eye?

A

Coroid

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6
Q

What is the tapetum lucidum?

A

Layer of reflective cells built into the coroid layer.

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7
Q

What cells make up the tapetum lucidum?

A

Irrideophores

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8
Q

What is the retina?

A

Covers the interior posterior part of the eye, moist wet toilet paper.

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9
Q

What tunic has photoreceptors?

A

Retina

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10
Q

What are the photoreceptors?

A

Nerve cells that when stimulates help us see light, color and image

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11
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptors?

A

Rods and cones

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12
Q

What are rods?

A

Light sensitive nerve receptor cells.

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13
Q

Do animals or humans have more rods?

A

Animals

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14
Q

What are cones?

A

Color sensitive photoreceptors.

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15
Q

Do animals or humans have more cones?

A

Humans

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16
Q

What is the macula densa?

A

Bright yellow spot in the back of the eye with the central fovea.

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17
Q

What is the iris?

A

Pigmented part of the eye that is genetic and controls the amount of light let in.

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18
Q

What controls the iris?

A

Circular and radial fibers

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19
Q

Where are the circular fibers located?

A

Closest to the pupil?

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20
Q

Where are the radial fibers located?

A

Extend to putter parts of the iris

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21
Q

What is anisocoria

A

Difference is pupil size, associated with head trauma.

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22
Q

What is the lens?

A

Bi-convex shape used for focus

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23
Q

What is focal accommodation?

A

Focus of the lens

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24
Q

What are the ciliary fibers?

A

Controls the shape of the lens.

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25
Q

What happens to the lens the harder we focus?

A

It flattens out

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26
Q

What is the lens made out of?

A

Packed layers of protiens

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27
Q

What is cataracts?

A

Causes protiens to harden, becoming brittle and porous which let’s liquid in and makes lens become white.

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28
Q

What are the three chambers if the eyes?

A

Anterior, posterior, vitrous

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29
Q

What does the anterior chamber contain?

A

Aqueous humor.

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30
Q

Where is the anterior chamber located?

A

Located between the cornea and the iris

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31
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

Watery, thin liquid. Helps with librication and keeps the eye round and flush.

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32
Q

What causes glaucoma?

A

Extra aqueous humor

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33
Q

Where is the posterior chamber located?

A

Located between the iris and lens with a small amount of aqueous humor.

34
Q

Where is the vitreous chamber located?

A

Between the lens and the back of the eye, lining the retina. Contains vitreous humor

35
Q

What is vitrous humor?

A

Very clear jelly like substance. Helps keep the rounded shape and helps with physiology

36
Q

What is the optic disk aka blind spot?

A

Where the nerve protrudes through the 3 tunics of the eye, no photoreceptors

37
Q

What is the optic nerve?

A

Extends from the eye to cerebrum. subjected to damage

38
Q

What are two reasons for keratoconjuctivitis?

A

Lack of tear production or blocked mybomian glands

39
Q

What is cherry eye?

A

Hyper trophy of the 3rd eyelid

40
Q

What are the three regions of the ear?

A

External, middle ear, internal ear

41
Q

What is the external ear?

A

Includes portion of the ear you can see

42
Q

What is the function of the external ear?

A

Collects sound waves and direct then to the inner ear

43
Q

What are the three parts of the external ear?

A

Auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane

44
Q

Where is the middle ear?

A

Between the tympanic membrane and oval window

45
Q

What does the middle ear contain?

A

Opening of eustatian tube and ossicles

46
Q

What are the three ossicle?

A

Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes(stirrup)

47
Q

What is the malleus?

A

“Hammer” connects to tympanic membrane. Biggest.

48
Q

What is the incus?

A

Anvil, connected to malleus and stapes

49
Q

What is the stapes?

A

Stirrup, base sits right over oval window

50
Q

What is the function for the inner ear?

A

Sound and sense of balance

51
Q

What are the two cavities if the inner ear?

A

Bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

52
Q

What does the bony labyrinth contain?

A

Parilymph

53
Q

What does the membranous labyrinth contain?

A

Endolymph

54
Q

What are the three sections of the inner ear?

A

Vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

55
Q

What is static equilibrium?

A

A sensation that helps you be aware of your posteur and balance when you are not moving

56
Q

What is the vestibule made up of?

A

Sacule and utricle

57
Q

What is the saccule?

A

Leads to the cochlea

58
Q

What is the utricle?

A

Leads to semicircular canals

59
Q

What is a ducts called in the vestibule?

A

Macula

60
Q

What are the two membranes of the macula?

A

Otolithic membrane and receptor membrane

61
Q

What is the otolithic membrane?

A

Flat membrane that contain otoliths

62
Q

What is the receptor membrane?

A

Contains small cilia like receptors

63
Q

What are the semicircular canals?

A

Large rings branching off of vestibule

64
Q

What is the function if the semicircular canals?

A

Dynamic equilibrium to perceive balance and posteur while moving.

65
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

Duct at the base of each ring

66
Q

What are the two membranes of the semicircular membrane?

A

Crusts and cupula

67
Q

What is the Crista?

A

Contains little receptor cells point and sharp

68
Q

What is the cupula?

A

Heavy gelatinous membrane over Crista

69
Q

What is the function of the cochlea?

A

Sound

70
Q

What are the three chambers of the cochlea?

A

Scala tympani, scala vestibule, chi clear duct

71
Q

What does the scala tympani contain?

A

Perilymph

72
Q

What does the scala vestibuli contain?

A

Perylymph

73
Q

What does the cholera duct contain?

A

Endolymph

74
Q

Where is the cholera duct located?

A

Between tympani and vestibuli

75
Q

What is the organ of corti?

A

Hearing portion of the ear inside of the chochlea

76
Q

What are the two organs of the organ of corti?

A

Tectorial membrane and basilar membrane

77
Q

What is the tectorial membrane?

A

Heavy gelatinous membrane

78
Q

What is the basilar membrane?

A

Receptor cells

79
Q

What are the three auditory nerves?

A

Vestibular nerve, cochlear nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve

80
Q

What are otosectes cyanotes?

A

Ear mites

81
Q

What will be present in infections?

A

Rod bacteria and WBC

82
Q

What will more often have ear mites?

A

Kittens and young cats

Anatomy And Physiology II (6 decks)

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