The UK'S evolving physical landscape Flashcards
What is igneous?
Made from magma eg. granite
What is sedimentary?
Compressed sediment eg. clay or limestone
What is metamorphic?
Igneous or sedimentary rock changed by heat or pressure
What happened to the top half of the UK during the Ice Age?
It was glaciated- ice pressed down on the landscape and eroded it in distinctive ways
What happened to the bottom half of the UK during the Ice Age?
It was not covered in ice sheets but it was heavily influenced by glacial deposition
What is chalk like?
It is very strong and permeable so it forms cliffs when it occurs at coastlines
Where chalk found?
Only in lowland Britain
Where is clay found?
All over Britain
What is clay like?
It is weak and impermeable
What are clay landscapes like?
They are wide, flat plains with lots of lakes, streams and rivers
What is granite like?
It is very hard and resistant to erosion but is susceptible to chemical weathering
Why are granite landscapes badly drained?
Because granite is impermeable
What are some features of granite landscapes?
Tors- towers of granite chemically weathered into blocks
In lowland landscapes how has the landscapes been formed?
By the cations of rivers as the rivers have meandered and they have eroded a wide valley between low hills
What do the rivers transport? LL
They transport silt eroded from the chinned; sow hen there is prolonged rain they flood depositing silt to form floodplains
What is Stickle Torn? UL
A post glacial feature- it is where a glacier formed during the Ice Age creating a corrie
What does weather of rocks lead to? UL
Rock fragments breaking off and falling to the base of the cliff to form a scree slope
What does the high precipitation of Lake District mean? UL
There is lots of surface drainage over the impermeable rocks- lots of streams
What does the valley floor reveal? UL
It is flat and steep sides reveal that the U-shaped valley was created by a glacier
What are drainage ditches built for?
To drain water away from low-lying agriculture to allow crops to grow
Why have tees been cleared?
To make way for agriculture
What have UK upland landscapes done?
They have planted tees, often in straight rows to make forestry processes easier
The UK would naturally covered by deciduous woodland, why is it not?
Some UK landscapes feature conifer plantations, which have been planted for timber productions and are very distinctive
Why are river meanders good?
Good defensive locations
Where are fishing villages located?
On sites with natural harbours
Why are springs good?
They gave people reliable freshwater
What happened as settlements grew?
They took over the landscapes so now in big cities many rivers and streams run in tunnels underground
