Development Dynamics Flashcards
Name some development indicators
GDP, HDI, literacy rate, corruption perception index
What does HDI measure?
life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP per capita and length of schooling
What do demographic indicators of development relate to?
To a country’s population
What is birth rate?
The number of live births per 1000 people per year
What is death rate?
The number of deaths per 1000 people per year
What is fertility rate?
The average number of births per woman
What is infant mortality?
The number of infants per 1000 who die before they are one
What is life expectancy?
The number of years a person can expect to live
What is maternal mortality?
The number of mothers per 100,000 who die in childbirth
What is dependency ratio?
The proportion of people below or above the normal working age
Name the three things a country can be
Developing, emerging and developed
What is the development gap?
The development gap is the inequalities between the HIC’s and LIC’s
What are the two theories?
Modernisation theory and development theory
Who created the modernisation theory?
Walt Rostow
What does Rostow believe?
That countries develop at different stages but would catch up if they “modernised”
What are the five stages?
The traditional society, pre-conditions society, take off, drive to maturity, high mass consumption
What are the criticisms of the modernisation theory?
It suggests all countries start off equal but they’re not
Suggests development is linear
Who created the dependency theory?
Andre Frank
What did Frank believe?
He believed that some countries are trapped at stages 1 and 2 of Rostow’s model by wealthy developed countries
What are the two parts of the dependency model?
The core (developed) and the periphery (developing)
What does the core do?
It exports high valued goods to the periphery while the periphery exports low valued primary products
What are the criticisms with the dependency model?
It is too simple
Some periphery countries have developed
What will help India develop?
Geographical location provides good access to markets
Monsoon climate and fertile river plains gives India food security
What will hold India back?
The caste system discriminates against the people, keeping them poor
Many people live in poverty (40mil)
What threats is there?
There is potential conflict with Pakistan
Why has India developed?
India’s government have chosen to liberise the economy and invest in education, transport and communication
India has become increasingly connected with the rest of the world via TNC’s, outsourcing and tourism
Name economic benefits and costs
B: India’s HDI has increased from 0.38 to 0.49
C:400mil still below the poverty line, many of whom living in rural areas
Name social benefits and costs
B: The average Indian child spends 12years in school, increased from 2years in 1991
C:Womens’ literacy rate is still 17% lower than men’s
Name environmental benefits and costs
B: India is now investing in renewable energy such as wind power
C: India has the third largest emitter of carbon dioxide
Name political benefits and costs
B: The government has signed up to cut its greenhouse gases at COP21 Climate Summit in 2015
C: Water resources are low due to population increase. India could divert the river Indus in the Kashmir region but this could lead to military conflict with Pakistan
What is India’s GDP?
7.3 trillion in 2014
How much does the average Indian earn?
5800
Why is India so polluted?
India uses dirty diesel and its vehicle emission standards lag 10 to 15 years
Vehicle sales have increased by 7.2% and trucks have increased by 16.2%
Still half of India’s population cook on and keep warm by burning wood, coal or even cow dung
What are the effects of pollution?
India now has 13 of the most polluted cities in the world
586,788 premature deaths in India was estimated that they were caused by pollution
What is the most common religion in India?
Hindu 78% of the population follow Hindu
What political groups is India part of?
G20 and UN
What is the population of India?
1.25 billion
How is India’s population distributed?
India is spread out. It is densely populated in the North approximately 500 people square kilometer. However central India is sparsely populated due to lack of rainfall.
What is India diaspora?
More than 20 million Indians live abroad in more than 100 countries. Many work in the Middle East and Britain
What is development?
A country’s wealth and social and political progress
What is GDP?
It is a measure of a country’s wealth and is the total value of their goods
What is an export?
Products a country sells
What is terms of trade?
The value of a country’s exports relative to its imports
What is a commodity?
These are goods that are traded between countries
How much sewage enters the river Ganges?
Sewage from 450million people enters the river Ganges and only 20% is treated
How has the economic growth affected its people?
People living in core states such as Maharashtra earn a lot more than people in the periphery such as Bihar and there are still 400million people living below the poverty.
