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Geography > Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

Hazardous Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is it dry at the poles?

A

It is dry as there is high pressure so the air sinks and holds its moisture

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2
Q

What are the sun’s rays like at the poles?

A

They are scattered so they are less concentrated so there is less evaporation

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3
Q

Why is it wet at the equator?

A

Because there is a low pressure meaning the air rises then cools and condenses

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4
Q

What are the sun’s rays like at the equator?

A

The sun’s rays are concentrated causing lots of evaporation

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5
Q

Name the pressure cells

A

Hadely cell, Ferrell cell and Polar cell

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6
Q

What are trade winds?

A

Trade winds are strong winds that meet at the ITCZ

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7
Q

What is the ITCZ?

A

The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is an area of low pressure between the two Hadley cells

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8
Q

Name some natural causes of climate change

A

Volcanic eruption theory, sunspots

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9
Q

Name some evidence of climate change

A

Tree rings and ice cores

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10
Q

Explain tree rings

A

Trees grow a new ring every year and if the conditions are good (warm and wet) the ring will grow wide. And if the conditions are poor (cold and dry) the ring will be narrow. Scientists can then gather what the climate last year was like.

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11
Q

Evidence of global warming

A

Sea level rising

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12
Q

Explain sea level rising

A

The ice caps melt and cause levels to rise as the water has been deposited into the sea. 1998 the sea level change was 5mm an by 2013 it was 60mm. Also the thermal expansion causes the sea to heat up and its particles to expand increasing the volume.

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13
Q

Name two ocean currents

A

North Atlantic Drift and Labrador Current

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14
Q

Why are coastal areas warmer than inland areas in the winter?

A

Since the sea keeps its heat longer as it is a liquid so it cools down slower

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15
Q

Effects of climate change

A

Glaciers as they have been retreating due to the increase in temperature. Greenland’s ice sheet is shrinking and 90% of Antarctica’s region are retreating.

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16
Q

How will this affect people?

A

As it is believed the Gulf Stream could be diverted meaning people in Western Europe would be much cooler

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17
Q

Where are tropical cyclones found?

A

5-30degrees north and south of the equator

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18
Q

What temperature does the ocean need to be for one to form?

A

26degrees

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19
Q

How do tropical cyclones form?

A

Cyclones originate over oceans of 26degress or more; they start when strong winds drift over warm water. The warm air and ocean surface combine and rise due to the low pressure and lots of evaporation. Trade winds blow causing it move and the coriolis force spins it.

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20
Q

Look at book for cyclone diagram

A

;0

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21
Q

Name impacts of Alia

A

May 2009
Category 3
750,000 left homeless
190 killed
Loss of animals meant loss of dung so loss of cooking fuel
Flooding caused freshwater to become contaminated

22
Q

Name impacts of Katrina

A 
August 2005
Category 4
1200 people drowned
1million people were made homeless
80% of city evacuated
Lots of looting afterwards 
Over 2/3 became submerged
Many offshore oil facilities destroyed
23
Q

Name Earth’s structure

A

Lithosphere(crust)(solid basalt(oceanic)granite(continental)
Asthenosphere(upper mantle)( partially molten)
Outer core (liquid, iron and nickel)
Inner core (solid and nickel)

24
Q

What is a divergent boundary?

A

When oceanic plates move apart forming new oceanic crust. Found on the North American plate and Eurasian plate

25
Q

What is a destructive boundary?

A

When the oceanic plate is subducted by the continental plate an is found on the Nazca plate and South American plate

26
Q

What type of volcano is found at the destructive plate?

A

Composite- really explosive

27
Q

What is a collision boundary?

A

When continental plates collide and create fold mountains such as the Himalayas. Found on the Indian plate and Eurasian plate

28
Q

What is a conservative boundary?

A

When two continental boundaries move alongside and pressure is built up and one will jerk forward sending shock waves to the surface, triggering an earthquake. Found on the North American pate and Pacific plate

29
Q

What is a hotspot volcano?

A

A hotspot volcano is a volcano that forms in a centre of a plate

30
Q

Explain hotspot volcano

A

A hot plume of magma rises through the mantle
Burns through the crust
Runny basalt spreads across the sea floor
The lave from eruptions build up into a shield volcano
The plates move carrying the volcano
A new shield volcano is formed
The extinct volcanoes sink and erode

31
Q

What was the magnitude of Haiti?

A

7.0

32
Q

How many died? H

A

316,000

33
Q

How many were left homeless? H

A

1million

34
Q

How many were killed due to the cholera outbreak? S

A

8000

35
Q

What happened? S H

A

Lots of looting and crime

36
Q

What happened to electricity, water and sanitation? H

A

It was badly damaged

37
Q

What was damaged? H

A

Port-au-Prince port

38
Q

What type of boundary was it on?H

A

Conservative

39
Q

What was the magnitude of Sendai?

A

9.0

40
Q

What plate boundary was it found on?

A

Convergent

41
Q

What did land suffer from?

A

Liquefaction

42
Q

How many deaths were caused by collapsing building?

A

1500

43
Q

What happened to the dam?

A

It burst

44
Q

How many bridges collapsed? S

A

56

45
Q

How many deaths were caused by the tsunami? S

A

17,000

46
Q

How many buildings were damaged by the tsunami? S

A

1.2million

47
Q

What was the total damage cost? S

A

$300billion

48
Q

What was the total damage cost? S H

A

$7 and $14billion

49
Q

Level of development (human)

A

Japan is more developed than Haiti

It affects building quality so it affects how worse the secondary affects are

50
Q

Location of epicentre (physical)

A

Haiti- 25km away from the capital city Port-au-Prince

Japan- 130km east of Sendai but was underwater so triggered a tsunami

51
Q

Management (human)

A

Japan was prepared eg. disaster prevention day

Haiti was not prepared so relied on international aid

52
Q

Magnitude (physical)

A

Japan 9.0 caused liquefaction of the land and a 10m tsunami

Haiti 7.0

Geography (8 decks)

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