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Oral Anatomy > The tooth, the whole tooth > Flashcards

The tooth, the whole tooth Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 functions of teeth?

A
  • Protects oral cavity
  • Chewing (mastication)
  • Aids in digestion
  • Speech/communication
  • Appearance
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2
Q

What is the crown made up of and what are the two parts of the crown?

A

Composed of enamel, the two parts of the crown are the anatomical crown and the clinical crown

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3
Q

What is the root made up of?

A

Cementum, found on the outside of the tooth

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4
Q

Where does the crown meet the root?

A

At the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) located at the cervix of the tooth

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5
Q

What is in the inner portion of the tooth?

A

The dentin, in both the crown and the root and is yellow in appearance

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6
Q

What is the anatomical crown of the tooth?

A

The portion of the tooth that is covered in enamel, never changes. Starts at the CEJ and goes to the top of the enamel (top of the tooth)

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7
Q

What is the clinical crown of the tooth?

A

The portion of the tooth that is visible in the clinic, may look different on different patients

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8
Q

Where is the root embedded?

A

In the alveolar process (jaw bone) covered in cementum

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9
Q

What are maxillary teeth?

A

Teeth in the upper jaw

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10
Q

What are mandibular teeth?

A

Teeth in the lower jaw

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11
Q

How many roots can teeth have?

A

1-3. All anterior teeth have 1 unless there is an anomaly and posterior teeth can have 1-3

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12
Q

What is furcation?

A

The space between a multirooted tooth

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13
Q

What is bifurcation?

A

When a tooth has 2 roots

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14
Q

What is trifurcation?

A

When a tooth has 3 roots

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15
Q

What is the apex of a root?

A

The tapered end of each root

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16
Q

What is the apical of a root?

A

Anything that is situated right at the apex (bottom of the root)

17
Q

What is the periapical of a root?

A

Anything surrounding the apex of the root

18
Q

What is the apical foramen?

A

It is the opening at the apex of the root. This allows blood vessels and nerves from the alveolar process to come in and out of the pulp (root). Will have as many apical foramen as it has roots. Only case where there wouldn’t be one is if there was damage, would cause the tooth to die

19
Q

What are the tissues of the tooth?

A

Enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp (soft tissue)

20
Q

What is enamel?

A

Enamel is the hardest material in the whole body, even harder than bone. It is translucent in colour and is made up of hydroxyapatite crystals. It is not vital as it has no blood or nerves, no power to repair or grow, and any imperfections during development are permanent

21
Q

What is the chemical composition of enamel?

A
  • 96% hydroxyapatite (inorganic and non vital). Rod-like structures, formed by ameloblasts (enamel forming cells)
  • Other 4% composed of water and fibrous organic matter, not calcified
  • Has the ability to resist water
22
Q

Difference between enamel in primary dentition and permanent dentition

A

Primary dentition - only clinical crown has enamel, teeth are also whiter due to less dentin
Permanent dentition - clinical crown can have enamel and cementum/dentin due to recession, abrasion and attrition

23
Q

What is dentin?

A

Main portion of the tooth and extends almost the entire length of the tooth. It is a living tissue (sensory), and contains odontoblasts (dentin forming cells) and intercellular substances. Dentin production continues throughout the life of the tooth. It is a hard dense calcified tissue, harder than bone but softer, less calcified than enamel

24
Q

What is the chemical composition of dentin?

A

70% inorganic, 30% organic and water

25
Q

What are some physical characteristics of dentin?

A

It is slightly elastic so can flex. It has less mineralized salts and is more radiolucent than enamel, therefore it is darker on a radiographic image. It is yellowish-brown in colour and is perforated by millions of holes

26
Q

What is cementum?

A

Covers the root of the tooth, overlies the dentin and meets the enamel at the cementoenamel junction. It is thin at the cervical line but increases at the apex. It is a bone-like structure and its primary function is to anchor the tooth to the bony socket with attachment fibres within the periodontium. It is produced by cementoblasts

27
Q

What is the chemical composition of cementum?

A

45-50% inorganic, 50-55% organic, making it less durable than dentin or enamel

28
Q

What is the union of cementum and dentin called?

A

The dentinocemental junction

29
Q

What are the two types of cementum and where on the tooth are they located?

A
  • Cellular cementum - confined to the apical third of the root and can reproduce by itself
  • Acellular cementum - covers entire anatomical root, does not contain cementoblasts and therefore cannot reproduce by itself
30
Q

Where does cementum get its nutrition from?

A

The alveolar bone

31
Q

What is dentin pulp, where is it and what does it contain?

A

The nourishing, sensory and dentin reparative system of the tooth. Located inside the tooth, occupies the pulp chamber in the crown and pulpal canals in the root. Contains blood vessels, lymph, nerves, fibroblasts, collagen fibres and other connective tissue cells

32
Q

What develops pulp?

A

Fibroblast cells

33
Q

Characteristics of pulp

A

Walls are lined with odontoblasts to lay down primary, secondary and reparative dentin. Made up of blood vessels and nerves that enter the pulp chamber through the apical foramen. The blood supplies derives from branches of the dental arteries from the periodontal ligament. It is dentin reparative, nourishing and sensory

34
Q

What is coronal pulp?

A

Lies within the crown portion of the tooth and includes the pulp horns (extensions of the pulps that project toward the cusp tips and incised edges

35
Q

What are some names for the portion of the pulp more apically located?

A

The radicular, root pulp or pulp canals

36
Q

What is an accessory canal?

A

Extra canals that sometimes naturally form, used in case there is an issue with the apical foramen. Causes no issues unless there is a root canal needed

37
Q

What are the 3 junctions of the tooth?

A

CEJ - cementoenamel junction - where the cementum and enamel meet
DEJ - dentinoenamel junction - where the dentin and enamel meet
DCJ - dentinocemental junction - where the dentin and cementum meet

Oral Anatomy (20 decks)

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