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Oral Anatomy > Occlusion of the Primary and Permanent Dentition > Flashcards

Occlusion of the Primary and Permanent Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 factors that guide primary dentition?

A

1 - eruption schedule
2 - faster development of anterior tooth buds because not covered as much bone, therefore erupt before posterior teeth
3 - facial growth and development
4 - growth of the mandible is necessary for some posterior teeth to erupt

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2
Q

Why do some posterior teeth have to wait to erupt?

A

Because the mandible is too small so it gets stuck under the ramps of the mandible (back vertical portion of the mandible)

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3
Q

What is occlusion?

A

the relationship of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when the jaws are in a fully closed position

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4
Q

What habits can affect occlusion?

A
  • thumb sucking

- improper swallowing

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5
Q

What is the most common contributor to malocclusion?

A

Crowding; one or many teeth can be involved in misplacement

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6
Q

How can the relationship between the maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular anterior teeth be described?

A
  • normal
  • over jet
  • overbite
  • crossbite
  • end to end (edge to edge)
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7
Q

What is over jet?

A

an excessive protrusion of the maxillary incisors, causes space or distance between the facial surface of the mandibular incisors with the lingual surface of the maxillary incisors

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8
Q

What is an overbite? How is this judged?

A

an increased vertical overlap of the maxillary incisors occurs. judged based off percentages, approximate science

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9
Q

What is an open bite?

A

when teeth do not occlude in closed position

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10
Q

What can cause an open bite?

A 
Anterior teeth
- tongue thrusting
- didget sucking
Posterior teeth
- poor eruption of the posterior teeth
- jaw size
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11
Q

What is a crossbite?

A

a tooth is not properly aligned with its opposing tooth

  • can take place in any tooth
  • can be caused by a loss of space
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12
Q

What is an acromegaly?

A

a cross bite of all the mandibular teeth if there has been a disease that has caused the mandible but not the maxilla to grow

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13
Q

What is an edge to edge bite? What can it cause?

A

the maxilla can also not grow in proportion to the mandible (same size rather than larger). this can cause a bilateral or edge to edge bite with the mandibular teeth, can also cause gum recession by pressure upon occluding

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14
Q

When does development of the occlusion begin?

A

with the eruption of the first primary tooth. when the first molars erupt at approx. 12 months, they establish the vertical height of the primary dentition

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15
Q

What is intercuspation?

A

the way the maxillary and mandibular teeth interlock with each other. helps cause tooth deviations in a buccal and lingual direction

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16
Q

What is the meaning of the word anteroposterior?

A

(mesial/distal) permanent molar relationships with the remaining primary teeth

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17
Q

What are some differences of primary teeth occlusion compared to permanent occlusion?

A
  • erupt in a more vertical position than the permanent teeth
  • average overjet of 3 mm
  • average overbite of 2.5 mm
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18
Q

What are the 3 steps/planes for primary teeth?

A

possibility of having one of three anteroposterior molar relationships called steps or planes:
1 - mesial step
2 - flush terminal plane
3 - distal step

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19
Q

What is the mesial step?

A

The ideal anteroposterior relationship. mandibular molars are situated more mesial than their maxillary counterparts, thus forming a mesial step

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20
Q

What is a flush terminal plane?

A

a smaller but significant number of children exhibit a flush terminal plane (where the distal surfaces of the second primary molars are in line with one another)

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21
Q

What is a distal step?

A

a minority present with a distal step. where the distal of the mandibular 2nd molar is more distally located in comparison to its maxillary counterpart

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22
Q

Where do we often find the largest primate spaces in primary dentitions?

A
  • mesial to the mx primary canines

- distal to the mn primary canines (technically a leeway space)

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23
Q

What happens to diastemas as the jaw grows?

A

They grow as well

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24
Q

What is a leeway space?

A

extra space that is gained from exfoliation of the primary molars being replaced by the smaller premolars

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25
Q

What causes a mesial step?

A

as permanent molars erupt, they eventually touch the distal surface of the primary molars and push them in a mesial direction, closing spaces. occurs in most children because the leeway spaces allow the lower molars to move mesially

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26
Q

What are the 3 types of occlusion for permanent molars? Which one is optimal?

A
  • Class I - ideal
  • Class II
  • Class III
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27
Q

Describe a Class I occlusion. What happens if the 6’s aren’t present?

A

where the mandibular 6 is more mesial than the maxillary 6, and the mesiobuccal cusp of the mx 6 falls into the buccal groove of the mn 6. IF 6’s aren’t present, we can check the canines and if the mx canine falls between the mn canine and the mn first premolar, that is a Class I, but if 6’s are present, we check these

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28
Q

Describe a Class II occlusion

A

occurs when the growth of the mandible is less than the growth of the maxillary, and the maxilla looks protruding. mx 6 is even with or more mesial than mn 6. mx canine is more over the mn canine

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29
Q

What are the 2 divisions of class II?

A
  • class II division 1: maxillary anterior teeth flare out (proclined)
  • class II division 2: maxillary anterior teeth are pushed in (retroclined)
30
Q

Describe a Class III relationship?

A

excessive or further growth of the mandible can put the molars into a further mesial, defined as class 3 when the mesiobuccal cusp on the mx 6 is more than a cusp length away from the buccal groove . mx canine is more over the premolar

31
Q

Development of occlusion is influenced by hereditary factors such as:

A
  • congenitally missing teeth
  • impacted teeth
  • the size and shape of the muscle and bone
32
Q

What are some controllable factors of occlusion?

A

1 - premature loss of primary teeth (space maintainer)
2 - decayed teeth that were not restored
3 - oral habits such as tongue thrusting and thumb sucking

33
Q

What causes horizontal alignment? What stops it from going too far

A

the tongue pushing on the lingual side of teeth, pushing them towards the lips and cheeks. the lips and cheeks then place force on the teeth to stop them from moving too far forward. this balance between tongue, lips and cheeks allows the teeth to reach their proper alignment and to be maintained in their proper position once eruption has stopped

34
Q

What causes malocclusion?

A

if the balance or proper growth is not met then malocclusion (an abnormal alignment of teeth within the dental arches) an result

35
Q

What is tongue thrusting?

A

protrusion of anterior teeth, pushed teeth labially = protrusion (esp. with an underdeveloped upper lip)

36
Q

What does an overdeveloped lower lip cause?

A

retrusion of the mn anterior teeth due to strength of the lower lip muscle pushing teeth lingually

37
Q

What does the term ‘stability of the arches’ mean? What can affect this?

A
  • dental arch is designed to be stable and efficient as long as it Is normal arrangement is maintained
  • malocclusion or the loss of one or more teeth may greatly reduce the functioning and stability of the dentition
38
Q

What is centric relation?

A

relationship of the upper and lower jaw when closed together. refer to the position of the mandible relative to the maxilla and is determined by the contraction of the muscles of the jaw, such as swallowing

39
Q

What is centric occlusion?

A

the relationship of the jaws closed in a position that produces maximal stable contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth

40
Q

What is the curve of Wilson? What does it do?

A
  • a curve that contacts the buccal and lingual cusp tips of the mandibular posterior teeth
  • helps in 2 ways: teeth aligned parallel to direction of medial pterygoid for optimum resistance to masticatory forces; the elevated buccal cusps prevent food from going past the occlusal table.
    • cusps on the lingual should be shorter than the cusps on the labial/buccal
41
Q

What is the curve of Spee?

A

the maxillary and mandibular arches in the occlusion. curve seen from lateral pov where curve gets lower as it gets closer to anterior teeth

42
Q

What is the sphere of Monson?

A
  • probably not tested as no one knows it lol*

- the imaginary sphere created when the curve of Wilson and Spee are studied in 3D

43
Q

What is the vertical alignment in mandibular posterior teeth? Anterior?

A

Posterior: crowns tend to tip lingually and roots buccally
Anterior: crowns tip labially and roots lingually

44
Q

What is the vertical alignment in maxillary posterior teeth? Anterior?

A

Posterior: crowns are straighter but with a slight buccal inclination and a lingual inclination of the root
Anterior: slight labial protrusion and from a frontal view seem to tip laterally

45
Q

What is the most retruded relationship of the mandible and maxilla called? Where is this?

A

Centric relation. The condyles are in the most upward backward position in the glenoid or mandibular fossa

46
Q

To achieve centric relation, what should you do?

A

tilt your head back, close gently as posteriory as you can and swallow

47
Q

To achieve centric occlusion, what should you do?

A

tip your head forward and feel them and slide forward

48
Q

What are other names for centric occlusion? (not super important)

A
  • acquired centric occlusion
  • habitual occlusion
  • convenience occlusion
  • intercuspal position (ICP)
49
Q

What are the 2 main occlusal classifications? What are these based on?

A
  • skeletal: based on the relationship of the bones the maxilla and mandible
  • dental: based on the relationship of the teeth
50
Q

Skeletal classifications

A
  • Class I: normal
  • Class II: retrognatic - the mandible is retruded back farther than normal thus a distal relationship with the maxilla
  • Class III: prognathic - the mandible is protruded thus a mesial relationship with the maxilla
51
Q

What is Angle’s classification?

A

Is the most widely used dental classification, uses the first molars primarily and secondarily the canines to determine the dental classification. In centric occlusion, 3 relationships exist

52
Q

Angle’s Dental Classification of Malocclusion

A
  • class I - neutrocclusion
  • class II - distocclusion (class II, division 1; class II, division 2)
  • class III - mesiocclusion
53
Q

Can left and right sides of the mouth be in different occlusions?

A

Yes! That’s why we have to check both

54
Q

Aside from using the 6 and the canines, how can we check occlusion?

A
  • using incisor relationships. not used often
55
Q

class I incisor relationship

A

mn incisors occlude with or lie directly behind the middle of the lingual of the mx incisors

56
Q

class II incisor relationship

A

incisal margins of the mn incisors lie behind the middle of the lingual of the mx inscisors (div 1 = protrusion of incisors, div 2 = mx centrals are tipped lingually and laterals may be in labioversion)

57
Q

class III incisor relationship

A

incisal margins of the mn incisors lie in front of the middle of the lingual surface of the mx incisors

58
Q

What is lateral excursion?

A

side to side movement of the mandible

59
Q

What is the working side?

A

side to which the mandible moves

60
Q

What is the nonworking side?

A

is the other side that is not occluding

61
Q

What is the balancing side?

A

the nonworking side in denture construction

62
Q

What is canine guidance?

A

lateral mandibular movement, there are only a few pairs of interlocking cusps that make contact. canines are the main teeth that contact on lateral movement, which is called canine guidance. USUALLY THE LAST 2 TEETH TO TOUCH IN THE MOST LATERAL MOVEMENT

63
Q

What is group function?

A

Can be common to have the premolars also touch in lateral excursion, which is called group function

64
Q

What is premature contact? What is a premature contact area?

A

when the jaws close, all the posterior teeth should occlude at the same time

65
Q

What is a premature contact area?

A

when one hits even slightly before another. is also called interference

66
Q

What is anterior coupling?

A

when the anterior also hit in centric occlusion, but not harder than the posteriors

67
Q

Why is premature contact harmful?

A

Causes the jaw to defect before allowing the rest of the teeth to occlude, thus causing the TMJ to be placed in a stretched or abnormal position

68
Q

What happens when the TMJ is stretched or in an abnormal position? (4 things) - basically, during inflection

A

1 - damage to the TMJ, ligaments and muscles
2 - the muscles of mastication become tired, sore and tender if one set is overworked
3 - tooth or teeth hitting prematurely - becomes sensitive, mobile and perhaps pulp damage
4 - teeth can become cracked or broken, normal pressure is 300 lbs per square inch; premature contact may be thousands of pounds on an interference

69
Q

Features of an ideal occlusion in permanent dentition

A
  • mx and mn bones are in proper harmony with one another and the condyles are in their proper position
  • muscles of the face are balanced
  • occlusion of the teeth stable when all the above are synchronized
  • teeth are in tight contact and not rotated
  • occlusal plane has a slight curve of Spee
  • all crowns are tipped slightly medially, except 3rd molars
  • crown inclination is that the incisors flare labially and the rest lingually
70
Q

What is a solarized molar?

A

the mx 1st molar is tipped mesially so that it touches the mn 1st molar and the 2nd molar. part of an ideal occlusion

Oral Anatomy (20 decks)

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