hard tissue assessment Flashcards
1
Q
what does ADPIE stand for and what does each of these steps mean
A
- Assessment: gathering info related to the current status of the client
- D.H. Diagnosis: identifying human need deficits that require dental hygiene care
- Planning: determining appropriate dental hygiene interventions and referrals
- Implementation: providing dental hygiene care
- Evaluation: evaluating outcomes of dental hygiene care
2
Q
examination procedures:
A
- signs and symptoms
- types of examination
- examination methods
3
Q
signs and symptoms:
A
- sign: an abnormality that may indicate a disease, it is an objective symptom
- symptoms: departure from normal, can be subjective or objective
4
Q
what are subjective and objective signs and symptoms
A
- subjective: symptom observed by patient, ie. pain, burning, itching
- objective: symptom observed by professional they are often call signs
5
Q
what are pathognomonic signs and symptoms
A
- signs and symptoms that are unique to a particular disease, ie. bugged out eyes (Graves disease)
6
Q
5 types of examinations
A
- complete: thorough exam of all the parts
- screening: brief exam
- limited: emergency basis
- follow-up: limited exam used to assess if tx was effective, ie. tissue check
- maintenance: exam scheduled after a specific period of time following completion of treatment and restoration of health. it is a reassessment
7
Q
6 types of examination methods
A
- visual examination: direct observation, x-rays or transillumination
- palpation: 4 different types, digital, bidigital, bilateral and bimanual
- instrumentation: explorers for tactile sense, caries and calculus detection, probes for sensing pockets and their depth
- percussion: tapping with mirror handle
- electrical test: pulp vitality test
- auscultation: use of sound
8
Q
how do we chart existing conditions and required treatment
A
- existing conditions: blue
- required treatment: red
9
Q
5 purposes for charting
A
- care planning (required can be tracked better)
- counselling treatment
- evaluation (progress)
- protection (legal)
- identification (forensics)
10
Q
materials needed for charting
A
- instruments and equipment: probe, explorer, mirror, floss, gauze, a/w, saliva ejector
- study casts: great diagnostic tool and teaching aid
- radiographs: completed and mounted films
- form for manual charting (depends on individual as to what chart you prefer): geometrical, anatomical, periodontal, combination
- computerized systems
11
Q
basic entries for sequence of charting
A
- name, date, etc
- missing teeth - use radiographs to chart before intraoral exam, only if conclusive do we chart
- restorations/caries that are conclusive can also be documented prior to oral exam
12
Q
systemic routine for sequence of charting
A
- use a set routine to complete accurate charting
- chart all of one kind of item instead of tooth by tooth this will allow less errors, ex. chart all present restorations first, then chart decay and marginal deficiencies, then periodontal exam and all its components
- always start and finish off in the same area, ie 1st to 4th quadrant
13
Q
before patient appointment:
A
- radiographic charting: chart all missing, unerupted, impacted, endodontic restorations, overhangs, existing restorations, carious lesions and any other obvious deviations from normal
- study casts: can examine a tentative classification of occlusion, needs to be examined in the mouth as well
14
Q
what should we chart at a patients first appointment
A
- missing teeth
- existing restorations (fixed and removable prostheses)
- sealants
- carious lesions and other deviations from normal
- use dental floss to chart inadequate contact areas and observe proximal roughness
- pulp vitality
- tooth sensitivity
- coordinate clinical and radiographic findings
15
Q
how can we describe the gingiva
A
- colour, size, position, shape, consistency, texture, bleeding, areas of minimal attached gingiva
