The Tongue Flashcards
What are the functions of the tongue?
Taste
Speech
Mastication
Swallowing
What are the three parts of the tongue?
Tip
Root
Body
Describe the situation of the root of the tongue
Attached to the mandible and hyoid bone.
Related to genihyoid and mylohyoid muscles.
Describe the body of the tongue
Has two surfaces,the superior surface and inferior surface.
2 lateral margins.
Describe the superior surface of the tongue
This is the dorsum.
It is divided into 2 parts by the sulcus terminalis.
Anterior 2/3- Oral Part.
Posterior 1/3- Pharyngeal Part.
What is the sulcus terminalis?
V shaped sulcus terminalis
Presents a depression where the 2 limbs of the V meet,called foramen cecum.
Foramen cecum represents the site of the origin of the thryoglossal duct.
Describe the oral part of the dorsum
This is the anterior 2/3 of the dorsum
The med line groove divides the oral part into right and left parts.
The mucous membrane is rough because of papillae(increase surface area + contains taste buds)
What are the four types of papillae?
Circum Vallate
Fungiform
Foliate
Filiform.
Where do you find vallate papillae?
Anterior to sulcus terminalis
Rounded,8-12 in a row.
Where is fungiform papillae found?
Situated the the margin and tip of tongue- apex.
Where is filiform papillae found?
Scattered through the anterior 2/3 of dorsum
Where of the tongue is Foliate Papillae found?
Near the margin of sulcus terminalis.
4-5 vertical folds
Describe the pharyngeal part of the tongue
Posterior 1/3
Contains aggregations of lymphoid follicles deep to mucous membrane called lingual tonsil
Describe the inferior surface of the tongue
Covered by smooth mucous membrane.
Presents;
Frenulum of tongue- mucosal fold in the median plane connects the tongue and floor of mouth.
Deep lingual veins on either side of frenulum
Plica frimbritata- muscosal fold , lateral to deep lingual veins.
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Vertical
Transverse
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus, hyoglossus, Palatoglossus,styloglossus.
What is the action of the genioglossus muscle of the tongue?
Depression and protrusion of the tongue
What is the action of the hyoglossus muscle of the tongue?
Depression of the tongue
What is the action of the Palatoglossus muscle of the tongue?
Elevation of the tongue.
Action of the styloglossus of the tongue?
Retraction of the tongue.
What is the arterial supply of the tongue?
Lingual artery -from external carotid
Ascending pharyngeal artery -from external carotid
Tonsllar artery -from facial artery
What is the venous drainage of the tongue?
Lingual vein
What is the sensory nerve supply of the tongue?
Anterior 2/3
General sensation- lingual nerve(mandibular)
Taste sensation- chords tympani nerve(facial)
Posterior 1/3
General+Taste- glossopharyngeal
Posterior MOST
General+Taste- internal laryngeal nerve(vagus)
What is the motor nerve supply of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve supplies all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles EXCEPT the PALATOGLOSSUS.
Palatoglossus supplied by pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve
