The Tongue

Question 1

What are the functions of the tongue?

Answer 1

Taste
Speech
Mastication
Swallowing

Question 2

What are the three parts of the tongue?

Answer 2

Tip
Root
Body

Question 3

Describe the situation of the root of the tongue

Answer 3

Attached to the mandible and hyoid bone.
Related to genihyoid and mylohyoid muscles.

Question 4

Describe the body of the tongue

Answer 4

Has two surfaces,the superior surface and inferior surface.
2 lateral margins.

Question 5

Describe the superior surface of the tongue

Answer 5

This is the dorsum.
It is divided into 2 parts by the sulcus terminalis.

Anterior 2/3- Oral Part.
Posterior 1/3- Pharyngeal Part.

Question 6

What is the sulcus terminalis?

Answer 6

V shaped sulcus terminalis
Presents a depression where the 2 limbs of the V meet,called foramen cecum.

Foramen cecum represents the site of the origin of the thryoglossal duct.

Question 7

Describe the oral part of the dorsum

Answer 7

This is the anterior 2/3 of the dorsum
The med line groove divides the oral part into right and left parts.
The mucous membrane is rough because of papillae(increase surface area + contains taste buds)

Question 8

What are the four types of papillae?

Answer 8

Circum Vallate
Fungiform
Foliate
Filiform.

Question 9

Where do you find vallate papillae?

Answer 9

Anterior to sulcus terminalis

Rounded,8-12 in a row.

Question 10

Where is fungiform papillae found?

Answer 10

Situated the the margin and tip of tongue- apex.

Question 11

Where is filiform papillae found?

Answer 11

Scattered through the anterior 2/3 of dorsum

Question 12

Where of the tongue is Foliate Papillae found?

Answer 12

Near the margin of sulcus terminalis.
4-5 vertical folds

Question 13

Describe the pharyngeal part of the tongue

Answer 13

Posterior 1/3

Contains aggregations of lymphoid follicles deep to mucous membrane called lingual tonsil

Question 14

Describe the inferior surface of the tongue

Answer 14

Covered by smooth mucous membrane.

Presents;
Frenulum of tongue- mucosal fold in the median plane connects the tongue and floor of mouth.
Deep lingual veins on either side of frenulum
Plica frimbritata- muscosal fold , lateral to deep lingual veins.

Question 15

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 15

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Vertical
Transverse

Question 16

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 16

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, Palatoglossus,styloglossus.

Question 17

What is the action of the genioglossus muscle of the tongue?

Answer 17

Depression and protrusion of the tongue

Question 18

What is the action of the hyoglossus muscle of the tongue?

Answer 18

Depression of the tongue

Question 19

What is the action of the Palatoglossus muscle of the tongue?

Answer 19

Elevation of the tongue.

Question 20

Action of the styloglossus of the tongue?

Answer 20

Retraction of the tongue.

Question 21

What is the arterial supply of the tongue?

Answer 21

Lingual artery -from external carotid
Ascending pharyngeal artery -from external carotid
Tonsllar artery -from facial artery

Question 22

What is the venous drainage of the tongue?

Answer 22

Lingual vein

Question 23

What is the sensory nerve supply of the tongue?

Answer 23

Anterior 2/3
General sensation- lingual nerve(mandibular)
Taste sensation- chords tympani nerve(facial)

Posterior 1/3
General+Taste- glossopharyngeal

Posterior MOST
General+Taste- internal laryngeal nerve(vagus)

Question 24

What is the motor nerve supply of the tongue?

Answer 24

Hypoglossal nerve supplies all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles EXCEPT the PALATOGLOSSUS.
Palatoglossus supplied by pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve

Question 25

What is the lymphatic drainage of the tongue?

Answer 25

Tip- submental lymph nodes
Lateral parts of anterior 2/3- submandibular nodes
Central part of anterior 2/3 - inferior deep lymph cervical nodes
Posterior 1/3- superior deep cervical lymph nodes