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1402 > Histology Of GIT > Flashcards

Histology Of GIT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the accessory structures of the digestive system?

A

Tongue and Teeth

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

Salivary glands,liver and pancreas.

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3
Q

Describe the Structure of the salivary glands

A

Covered by capsule made of connective tissue.
Separated into lobules.
Lobules separated from one another by septa.
Septa contain blood vessels

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4
Q

What are the 3 Types of acini?

A

Mucous acini
Serous Acini
Mixed acini

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5
Q

Describe mucous acinus

A

Oval shaped
Large lumen
Lined by columnar acinar cells
Cells have flat nucleus situated on the basement membrane
CELLS ARE CLEAR AND TRANSPARENT
Cells secrete mucinogen

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6
Q

Describe serous acini

A

Spherical in shape.
Small lumen
Round nucleus NEAR the basement membrane
Secretes alpha amylase.
Cells are PINK

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7
Q

Describe mixed acini

A

Mainly mucous acini
Crescent shaped serous cells
Caps of serous cells are called serous demilunes or crescents of Gianuzzi

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8
Q

What type of gland has serous acini?

A

Parotid Salivary salivary gland is a serous gland

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9
Q

What type of gland has mucous acini?

A

Sublingual salivary gland is mucous acini

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10
Q

What gland has mixed acini?

A

The submandibular gland has mixed acini

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11
Q

What are the two surfaces of the tongue?

A

Dorsal surface and the ventral surface.

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12
Q

What is the tongue covered by an what are its constituent parts

A

The tongue is covered by a mucous membrane
The mucous membrane consists of the outer epithelium and inner laminate Prophase.

The is also skeletal muscle inside the tongue.

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13
Q

Describe the outer epithelium layer

A

It is of stratified squamous non Keratinized
However it is keratinized over the papillae.

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14
Q

Describe the lamina Propia of the mucous membrane

A

It contains connective tissue,blood vessels and serous and mucous glands.

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15
Q

Describe filiform papillae

A

Small conical projections
Found on the dorsum anterior 2/3 of the tongue
NO taste buds

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16
Q

Describe fungi form papillae

A

Rounded top and narrow base.
Has taste buds
Present at the apex and lateral margins of anterior 2/3 of the tongue

17
Q

Describe circum vallate papillae

A

Largest
Situated in a depression
Taste buds on the lateral wall
Surrounded by circular sulcus
Sulcus receives opening of serous glads.
Secretions front these glands
Mucous and serous acini present

18
Q

Order of tissues of the GIT

A

Lumen
Mucousa- 3 layers—->epithelium,lamina propia,muscularis mucousa
Submucousa- connective tissues,glands,blood vessels and nerves
Muscularis Externa - smooth muscle layers(2-3 layers)
Serous- CT,supports and binds organs to one another
Adventiva- esophagus and most of duodenum

19
Q

Describe the general mucousa structure

A

3 layers
Epithelium- simple columnar
Lamina Propia- loose areolar CT,LV,BV,LN,LV
Muscularis mucosa- ICL,OLL of smooth muscle
Outermost covering- peritoneum made of CT and a layer of simple squamous cells.

20
Q

Describe he general submucosa layer.

A

Made of irregular fibroelastic connective tissue with elastic collagen fibers
No glands except in esophagus and duodenum.
Meissners complex here

21
Q

Describe the general structure of the muscularis externa

A

Inner Cicular Layer of Muscle-ICL
Outer Longitudinal Layer - OLL
Auerbach/Myenteric Complex

22
Q

Describe the serousa layer of the GIT

A

Outer most layer formed by visceral peritoneum(simple squamous layer)
If the organ is retroperitoneal serosa is replaced by adventivia.

23
Q

Describe the Histology of the esophagus

A

Lowest part of esophagus lined by simple columnar epithelium.
Esophageal glands found in submucosa lined by simple columnar epithelium,secrete mucus.
Muscularis externa in upper esophagus is made skeletal muscle fibers
Middle part made of both skeletal and smooth muscle
Lower esophagus made of smooth muscle fibers

24
Q

Histology of the Stomach

A

Most dilated part of the GIT
4 parts- cardia,fundus,body,pyloric part.
Gastric ruggae,folds of the mucosa, present only an empty stomach

Mucosa
1)Epithelium-simple columnar
2)Lamina Propia- loose irregular connective tissue with BV
- contains gastric pits,inner 1/3 of LP
- gastric glands,deeper 2/3 of LP
Submucousa- 2 layers,ICL,OLL.

Muscularis externa- IOL,MCL,OLL

Serosa- visceral peritonaeum,layer of simple squamous cells

25
Q

What are the three types of cells found in the gastric pits

A

Mucous neck cells- found at head of the gland,small blue
Parietal/Oxyntic Cells- rounded,pink, located in the side walls of the glands,produce HCL.
Peptic/Chief/Zymogenic cells- take basic stain,blue,located at basal part of the gland,produce gastric enzyme pepsin
Neuroendocrine cells- secrete serotonin and gastrin

26
Q

Describe the Pyloric part of the stomach

A

Epithelium is simple columnar type.
Gastric pits and glands in LP(Pyloric Glands)
Gastric pits are DEEP, inner2/3
Gastric glands outer 1/3

27
Q

Describe the histology of The small intestine.

A

Made of 3 parts.
Duodenum,jejunum,ileum.

Mucosa- forms tall projections called villi,core of villi is formed by CT,BV,LV of the LP
-Epithelium- simple columnar epithelium(enterocytes) and some goblet cells.
-Lamina Propia- CT,BV,LV,glands called crypts of lieberkuhn.crypts are lined by simple columnar cells with microvilli(enterocytes) which are absorptive in function
Other cells lining the crypts- goblet cells that produce mucin,paneth cells are defensive in function,neuroendrocrine cells that produce locally acting hormones.
-also contains solitary lymphoid follicles called Peyers Patches(lamin propia of ileum)

Muscularis Mucosa- ICL,OLL of SM fibers. Some of the fibers extend into the core of the villus

Submucosa- CT,BV,LV,NF. Burners glands in the duodenum+Peyers patches in the ileum.

Muscularis Externa- OLL,ICL of SM fibers

Serosa- visceral peritoneum,single layer of squamous cells.

28
Q

Describe the histology of the colon.

A

Plenty goblet cells and few simple columnar cells in mucosa,crypts of lieberkuhn present(in LP too)

29
Q

Describe the Histology of the appendix

A

Simple columnar cells with lots of goblet cells in mucosa.
LP contains aggregation of lymphocytes extend into into submucosa

1402 (6 decks)

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