The Terror and Robespierre Flashcards
When and why was Terror declared “order of the day”
September 1793- s-cs marched against Convention demanding lower bread prices, promised action against c-rs and hoarders
Law of Suspects
September 1793- new def of suspect, and comites de surveillance drew up lists.
Law of General Maximum
September 1793- imposed maximum price for grain, flour etc. same price as 1790 plus 1/3.
When were the armees revolutionnaires established?
September 1793- forced farmers to surrender grain.
When were the nantes drownings?
September 1793- 2000 killed to calm Vendee
How many troops did the convention send in to Vendee?
March 1793-30,000, Jacobins crush the Royalists.
How many cases did the Rev. Tribunal deal with between Sept. and December?
500,000
When was M A executed?
October 1793
When was the duc d-Orleans executed?
November 1793
What was the Emergency Govt. Decree by Saint-Just?
October 1793- rev. until peace, 40,000 rev. armees and more spies and agents to combat C-Rs
Dechristianisation campaign
October 1793- Commune made it official policy, s-cs and a-rs destroyed religious symbols.
Festival of reason
November 1793- not authorised by Convention and prohibited violent attacks on religion in Dec.
War improving by December 1793:
French defeat Austrians at Alsace (December), Austrian and Prussians forced to withdraw across the Rhine (Dec.) and siege of Dunkirk is lifted (Sept.)
Economy improving by December 1793:
Law of General Maximum, price controls, and a-rs vs. grain hoarders.
Law of 14th Frimaire
December 1793- centralised power to CPS and disbanded a-rs (s-cs)
Laws of Ventose
February 1794- gave patriots share of property seized from CRs.
What was Robespierre’s speech in February 1794
Terror is virtue
Who were the Hebertists?
The radical left claiming that Robespierre was a dictator
Who were the Indulgents?
Danton and Desmoulins- argued for scaling back of terror (popular)
What evidence was given to denounce the H and Is?
Saint-Just claimed they were going to massacre the NC.
When was Hebert executed?
March 1794
When were D and D executed?
April 1794- powerful oratory
Impact of H and I execution?
The Plain wanted a reducing of the Terror and s-c strength wavered leading to 1000 guillotined from March to June.
When was the Cult of the Supreme being introduced?
May 1794- marked a point of high patriotic fervour
Law of 22 Prairial
June 1794- all political prisoners taken to Paris under one Rev. Tribunal (acquittal or death) and Covention deputies could be persecuted.
When was the Great Terror?
June-July 1794
How many deaths in the Great terror?
1280 death sentences- 35% nobles and 25 clergy; more class based.
