The Terror and Robespierre

Question 1

When and why was Terror declared “order of the day”

Answer 1

September 1793- s-cs marched against Convention demanding lower bread prices, promised action against c-rs and hoarders

Question 2

Law of Suspects

Answer 2

September 1793- new def of suspect, and comites de surveillance drew up lists.

Question 3

Law of General Maximum

Answer 3

September 1793- imposed maximum price for grain, flour etc. same price as 1790 plus 1/3.

Question 4

When were the armees revolutionnaires established?

Answer 4

September 1793- forced farmers to surrender grain.

Question 5

When were the nantes drownings?

Answer 5

September 1793- 2000 killed to calm Vendee

Question 6

How many troops did the convention send in to Vendee?

Answer 6

March 1793-30,000, Jacobins crush the Royalists.

Question 7

How many cases did the Rev. Tribunal deal with between Sept. and December?

Answer 7

500,000

Question 8

When was M A executed?

Answer 8

October 1793

Question 9

When was the duc d-Orleans executed?

Answer 9

November 1793

Question 10

What was the Emergency Govt. Decree by Saint-Just?

Answer 10

October 1793- rev. until peace, 40,000 rev. armees and more spies and agents to combat C-Rs

Question 11

Dechristianisation campaign

Answer 11

October 1793- Commune made it official policy, s-cs and a-rs destroyed religious symbols.

Question 12

Festival of reason

Answer 12

November 1793- not authorised by Convention and prohibited violent attacks on religion in Dec.

Question 13

War improving by December 1793:

Answer 13

French defeat Austrians at Alsace (December), Austrian and Prussians forced to withdraw across the Rhine (Dec.) and siege of Dunkirk is lifted (Sept.)

Question 14

Economy improving by December 1793:

Answer 14

Law of General Maximum, price controls, and a-rs vs. grain hoarders.

Question 15

Law of 14th Frimaire

Answer 15

December 1793- centralised power to CPS and disbanded a-rs (s-cs)

Question 16

Laws of Ventose

Answer 16

February 1794- gave patriots share of property seized from CRs.

Question 17

What was Robespierre’s speech in February 1794

Answer 17

Terror is virtue

Question 18

Who were the Hebertists?

Answer 18

The radical left claiming that Robespierre was a dictator

Question 19

Who were the Indulgents?

Answer 19

Danton and Desmoulins- argued for scaling back of terror (popular)

Question 20

What evidence was given to denounce the H and Is?

Answer 20

Saint-Just claimed they were going to massacre the NC.

Question 21

When was Hebert executed?

Answer 21

March 1794

Question 22

When were D and D executed?

Answer 22

April 1794- powerful oratory

Question 23

Impact of H and I execution?

Answer 23

The Plain wanted a reducing of the Terror and s-c strength wavered leading to 1000 guillotined from March to June.

Question 24

When was the Cult of the Supreme being introduced?

Answer 24

May 1794- marked a point of high patriotic fervour

Question 25

Law of 22 Prairial

Answer 25

June 1794- all political prisoners taken to Paris under one Rev. Tribunal (acquittal or death) and Covention deputies could be persecuted.

Question 26

When was the Great Terror?

Answer 26

June-July 1794

Question 27

How many deaths in the Great terror?

Answer 27

1280 death sentences- 35% nobles and 25 clergy; more class based.