Napoleons early ventures and ascension

Question 1

When did Napoleon become second-lieutenant for the army?

Answer 1

1785

Question 2

What was Napoleon’s role in the 1793 Siege of Toulon?

Answer 2

August to December- he helped drive the British back from Toulon

Question 3

How was Napoleon lucky in the Siege of Toulon?

Answer 3

the previous commander had been wounded and, as he was friends with Saliceti, he was granted the position.

Question 4

When was Napoleon made Commander of the Army of Italy?

Answer 4

March 1796

Question 5

3 reforms to Army of Italy:

Answer 5

Paid troops in silver coins, helped equip them, and boosted esprit du corps

Question 6

How did N’s role differ from Hoche’s?

Answer 6

Hoche was a general facing directly off the Austrian army, N was just a diversion.

Question 7

When was the Montenotte campaign?

Answer 7

April 1796

Question 8

What was the Montenotte campaign?

Answer 8

France (7,000) vs. Piedmont Sardinia (52,000), leading to PS to withdraw from the 1st Coalition

Question 9

What was the effect of the Montenotte campaign in Italy?

Answer 9

The Pope and the King of Naples signed treaties, paying the French indemnities to survive.

Question 10

When was the Battle of Fishguard?

Answer 10

February 1797

Question 11

How did the French fare at the Battle of Fishguard?

Answer 11

Hoche sent 15,000 troops to mainland Britain, but weather dispersed them, and soon after they were defeated- 33 casualties.

Question 12

When was the Treaty of Campo Formio?

Answer 12

October 1797

Question 13

What did the Treaty of CF do?

Answer 13

Ended 1st Coalition, giving France islands- without consultation with Directory!

Question 14

When did the Egyptian campaign start?

Answer 14

May 1798

Question 15

Why did N want to invade Egypt?

Answer 15

promote trade, export rev. ideas and weaken British Empire

Question 16

How many troops went to Egypt?

Answer 16

35,000- took Malta quickly

Question 17

When was the Battle of Alexandria/Pyramids?

Answer 17

July 1798

Question 18

What occurred at the Battle of Alexandria/Pyramids?

Answer 18

French won at Pyramids, but Nelson destroyed fleet at Aboukir Bay (Aug) trapping France with nationalism

Question 19

When was the Siege of Jaffa?

Answer 19

August 1798

Question 20

Why was Jaffa important?

Answer 20

It was a mercantile port and trading centre

Question 21

Napoleon’s role in Jaffa:

Answer 21

After French messengers were tortured, N allowed his men 2 days of rape. N also shot 2000 prisoners.

Question 22

When was the Siege of Acre?

Answer 22

August 1798

Question 23

What was the Siege of Acre?

Answer 23

Palestine- N retreated after 2 months after underestimating the enemy.

Question 24

When did the Second Coalition form?

Answer 24

1798-9

Question 25

Why did Russia join the 2nd Coalition?

Answer 25

Napoleon expelled the Knights of St. John from Malta in 1798

Question 26

What did this coalition do in 1799?

Answer 26

Launched several invasions including in Italy and Switzerland

Question 27

When did Napoleon return to France?

Answer 27

August 1799- met

Question 28

Why did Napoleon return to France?

Answer 28

He heard that the Russians and Austrians (post victories) were on French borders.

Question 29

When did Sieyes become a Director?

Answer 29

May 1799

Question 30

What did Sieyes believe?

Answer 30

He didn’t support the 1795 Constitution.

Question 31

When was General Joubert killed?

Answer 31

August 1799 at the Battle of Novi

Question 32

What was the effect of Joubert’s death?

Answer 32

The coup d’etat he had planned with Sieyes now fell on the shoulders of Napoleon

Question 33

When did Lucien become President of the Council of 500?

Answer 33

October 1799

Question 34

What was Sieyes’ plan?

Answer 34

Persuade Directors to resign and persuade the two Councils to appoint a commission for a new Constitution under the pretense of a Jacobin rebellion.

Question 35

What occurred on the 18th Brumaire with the Councils?

Answer 35

Both councils left paris (they were warned) to St Cloud where 6000 troops protected them.

Question 36

Which Directors resigned?

Answer 36

Sieyes, Barras and Ducos- the other two placed under house arrest

Question 37

What were the Councils reaction on the 19th Brumaire?

Answer 37

They realised they had been duped and didn’t declare in Napoleon’s favour

Question 38

What was napoleon’s reaction to the Council’s backlash?

Answer 38

he stormed into the Council of Ancients, this was viewed differently.

Question 39

What occurred with the Council of 500?

Answer 39

The 500 attacked him, Lucien managed to save him and called in the grenadiers, causing the 500 to jump out to escape.

Question 40

What exactly did the Deputies of Ancients call for?

Answer 40

they appointed 3 Consuls during drafting of new Con. Ducos, Sieyes and N

Question 41

What did Napoleon say in his 10th November Proclamation?

Answer 41

That the Councils had ignored his please for change, instead attacking him

Question 42

How did Napoleon change Sieyes’ ideas on the Con?

Answer 42

N took Sieyes’ place as the primary Consul, not even accepting being a “figurehead”.

Question 43

How was power split in the new Con?

Answer 43

First Consul, with voix consultative, Senate, Tribunate and Leg. Body (all chosen by N) and dilution of voting from 6,000,000 to 6000

Question 44

When/what was the Law of 2/3?

Answer 44

October 1795- required 2/3 of the electorate to be the Conventions’ regardless of voting in departments.