The Sun Also Rises Flashcards
Who spoke first epigraph in Sun Also Rises?
Gertrude Stein
How many epigraphs does the Sun Also Rises begin with?
Two
How did Stein’s quote about the lost generation come about?
When Stein complained to the owner of a shop where her Ford was being repaired and the owner had blamed the mechanic who had fought in the last years of the war and said “You are all a generation perdue”
What did Gertrude Stein say about the lost generation?
That they have no respect for anything and drink themselves to death
What is Hemingway trying to say with his two epigraphs?
That Stein’s generation is fading away while Hemingway’s and the Moderns is growing. Also he implies that Stein’s generation is lot in its own way
Who framed the epigraph of ecclesiastes?
The Preacher
According to the passage from Ecclesiastes what does the earth do?
Continuously renew itself from one generation to the next
What kind of painting was Hemingway immersed in and who did he meet as a result?
Modernist, meeting Picasso and Joan Miro
Who was Hemingway’s first literary friend?
Ezra Pound
What did Gertrude Stein believe about herself?
That she was the only true Modernist writer
Pound provided what kind of model which created greater economy and power in Hemingway’s prose?
Imagist
Where did Hemingway meet James Joyce?
In Silvia Beach’s bookshop
What work of James Joyce’s served as a model for Hemingway’s own short fiction?
Dubliners
The structural choice of the two parts of what work by Hemingway was based on Joyce’s choice of including The Dead to end Dubliners?
Big Two-Hearted River
T.S. Eliot’s The Wasteland demonstrates what effects of Pound’s?
His editorial interventions
How is Jake a living embodiment of the aftereffects of war on those who survived it?
Because he is physically and psychically wounded and will never again be able to live fully as a man
Is Mike a veteran?
Yes
How do Jake and Bill Gorton experience a sense of self-renewal?
Through shared experiences of the landscape through which they travel ad the use of rituals as mechanisms for maintaining meaningful behaviors in a world devoid of meaning
In Brett and Mike’s life only what seems to matter?
Indiscriminate sex and alcohol
How is Robert Cohn an outsider?
Because he is a Jew and he didn’t fight in the war and thus lacks an understanding of what it means to live in the aftermath of global warfare
How is Cohn’s lack of understanding evidenced throughout the novel?
By his juvenile affection for a silly romance like the Purple Land which fuels his desire for adventure in South America
What was the state of the reviews for The Sun Also Rises?
Some applauded the artistry and technique of the novel while decrying its subject matter
Poet Conrad Aiken said what about the Sun Also Rises?
That the characters have a sordid story but by circtue of the author’s dignity makes the story telling and intensely tragic
What did Virginia Woolf say about each word in The Sun Also Rises?
That it pulls its weight in the sentence
What kind of metaphor does Woolf use in describing Hemingway’s muscular prose and its effects on emotion?
Bullfighting
According to one anonymous review Hemingway had crafted Jake Barnes whose wound symbolized?
A far greater malaise than his own personal loss
What did more critical attention and analysis of the Sun Also Rises have to wait for?
The end of the Second World War
Whose analysis of The Sun Also Rises in 1944 opened up Sun Also Rises to new investigations?
Malcolm Crowly
What did the work of Malcolm Crowly open up The Sun Also Rises to?
Investigation of the depth of its symbolic nature, its participation in the mythology of the Fisher King used by Eliot in The Waste Land and to the power of ritual to heal
Malcolm Crowley opened the floodgates to what industry?
The Hemingway Industry
How many sections did Hemingway organize The Sun Also Rises into?
Three like a three act play
What does the first book of The Sun Also Rises offer?
A prologue, conflicts and complications and rising action
How many chapters are in Book I of The Sun Also Rises?
Seven
Where does Book I in the Sun Also Rises take place?
Various locations around Paris while the characters assemble for a trip to Spain
How many chapters are in Book II of the Sun Also Rises?
Eleven
What takes place in Book II?
The characters make plans for the trip to Spain and it ends on the last day of the fiesta
How many chapters are in Book III?
One , Chapter XIX
What happens in Book III of The Sun Also Rises?
Jake leaves Pamplona for San Sebastián but goes to Madrid in response to a telegram from Brett begging for his help
How does the Sun Also Rises end?
With Brett and Jake touring Madrid in a taxi before their night departure on the Sud Express. It is reasonable to assume that they will return to Paris where Brett will meet Mike after his detour to Saint Jean de Luz and Jake will continue life as before
What two processes help organize the structure of the novel?
Cyclical repetition and that of pairing or parrallelism
When did Hemingway ship his manuscript of The Sun Also Rises to Scribner’s?
April 1926
How did F. Scott Fitzgerald help The Sun Also Rises?
By giving Hemingway a ten page critique outlining cuts and revisions and telling Hemingway to start the novel with Jake’s description of Robert Cohn
How does Fitzgerald reveal his thoughts, opinions and observations of another in Great Gatsby?
Through Nick Caraway as first person narrator
How is Cohn parallel to Jake?
He is metaphorically impotent in a larger anti-Semitic society and is emasculated through his inability to let go of his infatuation with Brett
How is the prostitute to a parallel to Brett?
Because they both collect and use men at their whim
What two places are reflected in The Sun Also Rises?
Paris and Madrid
How do places in the novel advance the circulatory structure of movement in the novel?
Characters circulate from cafe to cafe, Boulevard to Boulevard, restaurant to restaurant
How do characters circulate in the middle of the novel?
They move about Spain, fishing in Burgeute, traveling to San Sebastián and moving from cafe to cafe and back and forth to the bullfighters
How does Jake circulate in the last chapter?
By returning to San Sebastián from Pamplona and the back to Madrid before returning to Paris
Where is San Sebastián located?
On the coast of the Bay of Biscay
What does San Sebastián serve as in the novel?
The nodal point that binds all the geographical places together because all the trains move through San Sebastián
What has The Sun Also Rises been recognized as?
A Roman a clef
Who is Lady Brett Ashley in real life?
Lady Duff Twysden
Who is Robert Cohn in real life?
Harold Loeb
What idea of Hemingway does Jake embody?
Stoicism in the face of insurmountable adversity
How is Jake different from his drunken, shiftless friends?
He has a job which he occasionally works, his restraint during chaotic scenes, his devotion and loyalty as well as for his passion about bull fighting
How are Jake and Cohn’s name contrasted?
Robert’s is Germanic/Anglo-Saxon while Jake is bliblical
How does Cohn look at Brett in the novel?
As though she is the Promised Land
What view of the world does Cohn’s reading of the Purple Land conform?
His impossibly romantic view of the world
Where does Brett dump Cohn?
In San Sebastián
Brett is based off of what two women passions of Hemingway?
Lady Duff Twysden and Agnes von Kurowsky
Who do many of the male characters revolve around?
Brett
What dos Brett’s lack of children and multiple affairs indicate?
That she is sterile and lost
What does Robert Cohn refer to Brett as?
Circe
Why does Brett not show sympathy for Mike’s jealousy about Cohn?
Because she is sick of Cohn herself
Where does Francis only appear?
In the Parisian scenes
What does Georgette’s statement about being sick imply?
That she is sick herself with venereal disease
What is ironic about the Count’s comment that Brett has class?
Because he has no class himself
hat is the purpose of Bill?
For comic relief and to poke fun at H.L. Mencken
What work of Hemingway’s had Mencken reviewed?
In Our Time
Who is Mike?
A bankrupt, drunk who understands Brett’s infidelities but still is resentful of Cohn
Who is Montoya?
The owner of the hotel who respects Jake’s knowledge and passion for bullfighting and is disgusted at Jake when he realizes that he is responsible for bringing Pedro Romero
Who is Romero?
A young bullfighter who is infatuated with Brett even the differences in age and culture mean that they are unsuited for each other. He gets dumped after Brett realizes how much he would try to change her
Who is Harvey Stone?
A broke expatriate who plays poker with Jake
What landscapes does the Sun Also Rises alternate between?
The rural and cityscape
The characters b circulating the landscapes seemed to be trapped in?
The eternal now
What kind of chronological pattern does Jake exist in?
A cyclical consciousness in which one experience succeeds the next without seperation
What is a poules?
Prostitute
What did Paris offer?
A unique 20th century experience of not only living in, but also creating the modern world
Paris served as a Mecca for what group of artists?
The avant-garde
When did Paris start becoming increasingly international?
1904
In 1904 whose studio and where served as a gathering place for avant-garde artists?
Picasso’s studio in Montmartre
Who met at Picasso’s studio in Montmartre?
Max Jacob, Juan Gris, Georges Braque, Marc Chagal, Guilaume Apollinaire
Where did the center of artistic vitality in Paris shift to in 1910?
The left bank and Montaparnasse in the studio of March Chagal
Who did Chagall gather at his studio?
Russian, Polish and Jewish painters and writers
Why were Parisian Cafe’s important?
Because they allowed a place for artists and writers to meet and exchange ideas, find publishers and plan little magazines
Who met at Parisan Cafe’s?
Jean Cocleau, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro, Guilaume Apolinaire
What Cafe’s did Hemingway and his friends visit that Jake would too?
The Select, The Dome, The Rotonde and the Coupole
Why were war veterans in Paris?
Because they had seen Paris during the war and had vowed to come back
How was Paris different from the United States?
Far more open society and offer expatriates a wealth of culture for a small amount of money
Who were American expatriate writers in Paris?
Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, John dos Passos and Hemingway
The natives of Spain serve as what to the expatriates in Paris?
A foil
What is different structurally in Pamplona then Paris?
Pamplona has a center, the bullfight ring
Only what group of people can appreciate the artwork when the bullfighter transcends their nature as ritual and becomes art?
True aficionados
What is Brett’s only aim at the bullfights?
To seduce Romero
Jake’s going to church references the concept of?
Pilgrimage
How does Jake embark on a pilgrimage in The Sun Also Rises?
He journey’s through a Modernist wasteland which instead of resulting in healing and salvation leads him back to the expatriate nightlife o Paris in the company of a women whose love he can never experience
The bust trip up to Burgeute allows Jake to experience what religious activity?
Communion
How is Jake able to find momentary healing for his psychic wound?
Through rituals like bullfights and the packing of the fish
The high mountain country offers what kind of contrast to the debauchery of Paris and Pamplona?
A fertile, life-affirming rather than a lost sterile atmosphere
What does Jake do in San Sebastián?
Revel in the pleasure of solitude at the beach
What massive castle is in Madrid?
The El Escoril
What is the difference between Paris and Madrid?
Madrid is full of whiteness and heat against the dark night image of Paris
What is Botin’s?
One of the best restaurants in the world
Hemingway’s use of first person narration marks the text as?
Autobiographical
How does Hemingway formulate Jake’s narrative?
Through the process of omission
What does Jake escape by offering Cohn as his beginning focus?
By excessive interior introspection
What novel caused Hemingway to realize that fist person narrative offered him a sense of unity?
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Great Gatsby
What were some of the disadvantages of first person narration?
Narratorial unrealiability and or excessive identification of narrator and authro
How is Jake unreliable?
Due to the undecidability that Hemingway deliberately instills in his narrative
Hemingway’s model for Jake is?
Marlow from Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
Hemingway fragments absolute truth into?
Individual perceptions
How many rules did the Kansas City Star give Hemingway about writing?
110 rules
What were some of the most important rules given to Hemingway by the Kansas City Star?
Write short sentences, Use short first paragraphs. Use vigorous English and avoid the use of adjectives
Jake paired the rules of the Kansas City Star with the rules of?
The newspaper style sheet
Jake and Brett communicate far more effectively in ______ than words?
Telegrams
What is special about Brett’s use of the word rather in Brett’s telegram from Pamplona?
It suggests that Brett is ashamed to ask for Jake’s help and is in far more trouble than she will admit
Jake’s use of the word love conveys his?
Loyalty and devotion
Hemingway’s style seems to eliminate?
Emotion
Hemingway’s short sentences are filled with a predominance of?
Ands as the rhetorical figure polysyndeton
What did Hemingway learn from Gertrude Stein?
The values of conditions and repetition
What did Hemingway learn from Ezra Pound’s imgaism?
Juxtaposition, compression and concision
Paul Cezanne chose to perfect an Impressionist style of painting that featured surface instead of?
Depth
Robert Lamb argues that Cezanne’s painting is a production of a conception materialized after?
A long series of perception
What did Hemingway do to nature after he disassembled it?
Reassemble it according to his own vision
Cohn has a lack of perception about?
The beauty of the view on the drive to Pamplona
When was Modernism’s miraculous year?
1922
Why is 1922 the miraculous year for Modernism?
Because James Joyce’s Ulysses came out in February and T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land first appeared in October
Who published James Joyce’s Ulysses?
Sylvia Beach’s Shakespeare and Company
Where did the Wasteland’s first issue appear?
The October edition of the Criterion
What was the similarities between Ulysses and The Waste Land?
They both employ mythological forms along with elements of ritual to uncover meaning in a post world war culture
What happens in Ulysses?
Leopold Bloom searches in Dublin for a replacement for his lost son
Eliot had been influenced by what when writing The Waste Land?
Arthurian legend and the Grail quest cycles, Sir James Frazier’s The Golden Bough and Jessie L. Weston’s From Ritual to Romance
What did Hemingway use art to do?
Make sense out of the chaos of Modern life
What does Critic Richard Adams argue about Hemingway?
That Hemingway organizes his work along similar structural principles as The Great Gatsby
How does the expatriate community seek meaning?
Through alcohol and promiscuity
Who is Fisher King?
Oe in a line of keepers of the Holy Grail who is wounded in the leg, or groin
How is Brett similar to Circe?
They turn men into swine, their true natures and both love men that they can’t have
The statue of Marshal Ney gathers what associations about the concept of lost generations?
The fact of war and nobility in defeat
Who was Marshal Ney?
A French general in the Napoleonic War’s who commanded the army in Russia in 1812, remained with the rearguard during the retreat and fought valiantly in the Battle of Waterloo
Marshal Ney was blamed for what?
Napoleon’s defeat
After Hemingway gets annoyed with Stein and her lost generation bit he goes where?
To Marshal Ney’s statue and reflects on how all generations are lost in one way or another and notes Ney’s faithfulness to Napoleon
What is important about Marshal Ney’s sword?
It’s erect who has lost both his physical manhood and his way in defeat as well allowing Ney to serve as a double for Jake who acts as the novel’s barometer
What scientific instrument does Jake act as in the Sun Also Rises?
A moral barometer
What is the deepest level of investigation in The Sun Also Rises?
The interrogation of manhood posed by Jake’s sexually impotent character
What is Henry’s bicycle a reference to?
The mysterious wound of Henry James who suffered a wound that prevented him from fighting in the Civil War
Jake is the only man who correctly interprets what in The Sun Also Rises?
The meaning of the carnival which surrounds him in Paris and Spain
How is Cohn emasculated?
Through his incorrect behabior and the anti=Sematic society
What is special about the liberty taken by the black drummer with Brett?
It is only possible in Bohemian Paris an not the racist United States
Who is secondary manhood regulated to in society?
Black men
Who is the nigger in Vienna based on?
Larry Gains who fought in Paris and Germany
Brett is the emblem of?
New womanhood
What access has Brett only recently been granted as a woman?
Suffrage, higher education, proffesions
What is Brett’s one shining moment in The Sun Also Rises?
When she leaves Romero
The bullfighters and Jake represent an ideal of?
Male courage and nobility
