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Language and Literature > Section Two > Flashcards

Section Two Flashcards

0
Q

What was Henry James’s views on the future of civilization?

A

Pessimistic, his early words mock the belief that peace and global improvement could go on forever

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1
Q

What was the American novelist Henry James known as to many?

A

As master

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2
Q

What country did Henry James seek naturalization and why?

A

He sought naturalization in Britain as a protest to America’s neutrality in the Great War

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3
Q

When did Henry James die?

A

In February 1916

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4
Q

What did Henry James believe that started the First World War?

A

The German unification back in 1870

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5
Q

Who killed the archduke, why and when and as part of what groups?

A

Gavrilo Princip as part of the Black Hand, he wanted to liberate Serbia from the Austro-Hungarian Empire and he killed the archduke on June 28, 1914

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6
Q

Paul Fussel said that the Great War was the last to be conceived as taking place within?

A

A seamless, purposeful history involving a coherent stream of time running from past through present to future

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7
Q

What was the world of World War One?

A

A static one where relationships were stable and abstractions permanent and reliable

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8
Q

What does Paul Fussell characterize the last summer of 1914 as?

A

The symbol of everything innocently but irrecoverably lost

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9
Q

Out of the countries in the Entente and the Triple Alliance which did not conscript for its armies?

A

Britain

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10
Q

How many nationalities was the Habsburg monarchy composed of?

A

Eleven different nationalities

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11
Q

Since German unification what was their weltpolitick?

A

Belligerence and militarism

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12
Q

What did most believe the war would be over by?

A

By Christmas

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13
Q

Where did barbed wire come from?

A

The American West where they were used to her cattle

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14
Q

When was Thomas Hardy’s poem Channel Firing?

A

Five months before the start of the war

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15
Q

How close were the trenches in Belgium to London?

A

70 miles

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16
Q

What was one of the main themes embraced by men who served at the front lines?

A

The paradox of proximity, longing for a return to what was normal, safe and home

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17
Q

Who wrote in In Flanders Fields?

A

John McCrae

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18
Q

What is John McCrae best known for?

A

His poem in Flanders Fields

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19
Q

Where was In Flanders Fields first published and where?

A

In the English magazine Punch on December 8, 1915

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20
Q

What was In Flanders Fields eventually used as due to its popularity?

A

A recruiting tool

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21
Q

What is the structure of In Flanders Fields?

A

Iambic tetrameter with stanzas two and three ending in iambic diameter In Flanders Fields

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22
Q

How did John McCrae die?

A

He was wounded on the Western Front and died of Pneumonia in a hospital in January 1918

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23
Q

What does in Flanders Fields charge the living with?

A

Carrying on the fight until the war is won

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24
Q

Why did the poppies germinate so much in the spring of 1915?

A

Due to shelling of the battlefields

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25
Q

What do the two symbols of the poppies?

A

The color of blood spilled and the offering of hope of renewel

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26
Q

What does the poppy serve as now?

A

A mermorial to all who were killed in the war

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27
Q

What is the similarity between Hardy’s and McCrae’s poem?

A

The collective voice of the dead as their poetic speaker

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28
Q

Rupert Brook’s The Soldier captures what point in the war?

A

When thousands of young men rushed enthusiastically to the front

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29
Q

What does the first stanza in The Soldier convey and what is it structured as?

A

His love of his country and identification as an Englishman, it is structured in iambic pentameter and alternating rhyme

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30
Q

When did Rupert Brooke enlist?

A

On August 4, 1914

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31
Q

When did Rupert Brooke die and why?

A

He died of blood poisoning on April 23, 1915 in the Aegean Sea on his way to Gallipoli

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32
Q

In what two places were The Soldier published?

A

The periodical New Numbers in January 1915 and in the magazine Poetry in April 1915

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33
Q

Who read The Soldier and then caused it to be published in The Times the next day?

A

The Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral who read it as part of his sermon Easter Sunday April 4, 1915

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34
Q

Brooke insists on the image of what which makes it what?

A

The image of the battlefield grave where if he lies in would make the corner of the foreign field English soil

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35
Q

Who wrote in Dulce et Decorum Est?

A

Wilfred Owen

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36
Q

What does Wilfred Owen memorialize in his poem Dulce et Decorum Est?

A

The horror of men wounded from gas attacks

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37
Q

When was Dulce et Decorum Est published and when was it written?

A

Written in 1917 but not published until Wilfred Owen’s death

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38
Q

What does the poem Ducle et Decorum Est refuse to acknowledge?

A

The glories of dying for one’s country or even the possibility of a dignified death in war

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39
Q

How does the poem Dulce et Decorum Est end?

A

With a soldier walking behind a wagon carrying a soldier suffocating from the gas in his lungs

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40
Q

What common feature of war poems do not occur in Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est?

A

The strong sense of nationality, pride in identity, belief in death and renewal, and the earth as a resting place for dead soldiers

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41
Q

What is Dulce et Decorum Est’s feature?

A

Its about the dying whose inevitable death is ironically meaningless

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42
Q

What is Owen considered by numerous scholars to be?

A

The most technically innovative of the poets in World War One

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43
Q

When did Wilfred Woen enlist?

A

In 1915

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44
Q

What did Owen return to England during the war for?

A

For shell schock

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45
Q

Who was Wilfred Owen hospitalized with during the war?

A

Siegfried Sasoon

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46
Q

When did Owens return to the front?

A

In August 1918

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47
Q

What did Robert Graves write?

A

The trenches in November 1915

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48
Q

Graves who was badly wounded at what battle so much so that he was pronounced dead?

A

At the Battle of the Somme

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49
Q

Which three writers suffered from shell shock?

A

Graves, Sassoon and Owen

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50
Q

What did Graves publish his poems to do?

A

Challenge the publics attitude and show the ugly realities of trench life

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51
Q

What does Graves present his soldiers as?

A

Lice in the microcosmic/macrocosmic universe

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52
Q

When was Grave’s first book of poem published?

A

In 1916

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53
Q

What does the collective we of Graves’s The Trenches recognize?

A

The inevitability of being squashed along with the tragedy of not knowing how, where or why

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54
Q

When did Siegfried Sassoon enlist?

A

In 1914

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55
Q

What was Sassoon’s poetic tone by 1917?

A

Ironic and angry

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56
Q

When did Sassoon publish a protest against the war in The Times?

A

In 1917

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57
Q

When was Sassoon wounded on the Western Front?

A

In July 1918

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58
Q

In what volume was Sassoon’s French Duty published in and when?

A

The volume Counter Attack in June 1918

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59
Q

What war were women fighting during the Great War?

A

The war to vote

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60
Q

Who founded the Women’s social and Political Union in August 1914?

A

Emmeline Pankhurst

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61
Q

Djuna Barnes worked out in what two directions during the Great War?

A

Fighting suffragettes, being forcibly fed and the experience of the soldiers in the trenches

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62
Q

Djuna Barnes’s How it Feels to Be Forcibly Fed was published in what magazine?

A

The World Magazine

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63
Q

Djuna Barnes’s illustration of a naked, emancipated soldier appeared in what magazine?

A

Trend

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64
Q

Barne’s illustration for the Trend was inspired by what two sources?

A

Francois Miller’s The Sower and Francisco Goa’s series The Disasters of War

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65
Q

When did Colette visit her husband on the Western and where?

A

1915 at Verdun

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66
Q

When was Mary Rinehart sent to Belgium by the Saturday Evening Post?

A

1915

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67
Q

Mary Rinehart was sent to Belgium by what magazine and to do what?

A

By the Saturday Evening Post in order to report on the conditions for Belgian refugees and the plight of the Belgian army

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68
Q

Which British journalist chose to explore the home front?

A

Rebecca West

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69
Q

How did Rebecca West explore the home front?

A

By visiting the Scottish Dornock Munitions Factory in 1916

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70
Q

What was Rebecca West’s article published in the Daily Chronicle?

A

Hands that War: The Cordite Makers

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71
Q

How does Rebecca West describe the factory workers at Dornock Munitions Factory?

A

In fairytale associations with women clad in a Red-Riding Hood fancy dress of khaki and scarlet

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72
Q

How much do the cordite workers make a week?

A

30 shillings

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73
Q

What writer tried to capture the spirit of war in fiction?

A

Katherine Mansfield

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74
Q

What happened to Mansfield’s brothers during the war?

A

They were killed

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75
Q

When did Mansfield visit the frontline

A

In 1915

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76
Q

Who wrote the Fly and when>

A

Katherine Mansfield in 1922

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77
Q

The Fly by Katherine Mansfield depicts what?

A

A man known as Boss grieving the loss of his son and torturing a fly

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78
Q

Mansfield’s Fly serves an image for humanity’s what?

A

Hopelessness during the war

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79
Q

Mansfield’s imagery of a fly echoes the lice in whose poem?

A

Robert Graves The Trenches

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80
Q

Gertrude Stein wrote what tongue-in-cheek spoof?

A

The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas

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81
Q

The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas is about?

A

Gertrude’s longtime lover and partner as the author of an autobiography whose central figure is Gertrude Stein

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82
Q

How did Stein and Toklas try to help in the U.S. war effort>

A

By purchasing a Ford tuck and delivering medical supplies to French hospitals for the American Fund for French wounded

83
Q

When did Stein and Toklas tour the battlefields of France?

A

After the armistice

84
Q

Stein make friends with American soldier while visiting the trenches who she calls?

A

By the name of their home states

85
Q

Victory after victory was proclaimed in Germany during what period?

A

August 7 with the victory at Leige to the fall of Namur on August 24

86
Q

What German newspaper wrote that the great times of heroes have returned?

A

Die Tagliche Rundschau

87
Q

What German newspaper published Silence and when?

A

August 17, 1914 in the Tagliche Rundschau

88
Q

Who wrote Silence?

A

German poet Frida Schanz

89
Q

Silence by Frida Schanz suggest that the jubilation of Germany’s early victories were?

A

The calm before the storm

90
Q

What do the three orchestras in the poem Silence represent possibly?

A

The three nations of the central powers; Germany, Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire who are joined togehter in a grand concert of war

91
Q

What is The Dance subtitled?

A

During a Great Battle 1916

92
Q

Who wrote The Dance

A

Dame Edith Sitwell

93
Q

The Dance uses the imagery of the dance as a counterpoint to?

A

War

94
Q

What was the poem The Dance by Edith Sitwell inspired by?

A

The Battle of the Somme in 1916

95
Q

Sitwell published how many of Wilfred Owens poems in her journal Wheels?

A

7 poems

96
Q

What journal did Edith Sitwell have?

A

Wheels

97
Q

What did Edith Sitwell say about Wilfred Owen’s work?

A

That it was so moving that it one finds oneself crying

98
Q

When did Edith Sitwell’s Wheels appear?

A

In 1916 and 1931

99
Q

Wheels mocked the exhibited work of writers considered?

A

Georgian or conventional poets

100
Q

Wheels expressed what emotions of the postwar spirit?

A

Dominant mood of bitterness, cynicism and flippance

101
Q

Contemporary reviewers of Wheels viewed the journal as?

A

The product of the broad effects of the war

102
Q

How did Vera Brittain suffer a personal loss during the war?

A

Her fiancee Roland Leighten who was killed in action in 1915

103
Q

Brittin was enrolled at what university at the start of the war?

A

Oxford University

104
Q

Brittain joined what organization during the war?

A

The Voluntary Aid Detachment

105
Q

Brittain’s loss and his experience at work in military hospitals in England, Malta and France affected what volume?

A

Verses of a V.A.D. in 1918

106
Q

Brittain’s Testament of Youth covered what years in her life and was about?

A

1900 to 1925 and she wrote about her sense of disillusionment with the war and her pain at the senselessness of her fiancee Roland’s death

107
Q

When did Brittain learn of her brother Edward’s death on the Italian Front?

A

While at home during the spring offensive of 1918

108
Q

When did Brittain stop work as a nurse and what did she do after that?

A

April 1919 and she became a peace activist, writing for left wing journals, campaigning for the League of Nations and writing her war memoirs

109
Q

What poem by Brittain was dedicated to Victor Richardson who was blinded at the Battle of Vimy Ridge?

A

Sic Transit

110
Q

What happened to Victor Richardson during the war?

A

He was blinded during the Battle of Vimy Ridge and then died two weeks after returning to England in June 1917 before he could be married to Brittain and cared by her

111
Q

What is Sic Transit abbreviated from and what does it mean?

A

Sic transit gloria mundi or so passes the glory of the world

112
Q

Sic Transit’s name makes it clear that?

A

All the speaker (Brittain) has loved has passed away in an idle hopeless quest

113
Q

Red and gold in Sic Transit represent?

A

The blood and gold of worldly glory

114
Q

What does Sic Transit begin and end with?

A

I am so tired

115
Q

Who wrote the Futurist Manifesto?

A

F.T. Marinetti

116
Q

The Futurist Manifesto was inspired by what painting and by whom?

A

The City Rises by Umberto Boccioni

117
Q

The Futurist Manifesto captured what theme?

A

The uncontrollable power of modern machinery, the revolutionary fervor of the masses, the vastness of the modern city and the dominance of energy and speed

118
Q

The Futurist Manifesto was published in what magazine, when, and under what name?

A

Le Futurisme on February 20, 1919 of the French newspaper Le Figaro

119
Q

The Futurist Manifesto spread to newspaper audiences in what countries?

A

Poland, Spain, Romania and Russia

120
Q

Futurism has a notable influence on the development of Modernist Literature in what countries?

A

Great Britain, Europe and the U.S.

121
Q

The invention of what object laid the groundwork for Marinetti’s rejection of the past?

A

The Motion Picture

122
Q

The 1901 exhibition in Paris showed the work of artist?

A

Pablo Picasso

123
Q

Where and when was the Irish Literary Revival?

A

In Dublin in 1904

124
Q

When was the posthumous exhibition and where?

A

In Paris in 1907

125
Q

When was premiere of the atonal compositions in Austria?

A

In 1908

126
Q

The Futurist Manifesto heralded the?

A

Advent of war

127
Q

What poet was aware of Marinetti’s widespread fame?

A

Era Pound

128
Q

What was Pound lecturing on when Marinetti appeared in London in 1912?

A

Provencal poetry

129
Q

What relative of Pound attended Marinetti’s lecture instead of Pounds?

A

His fiancee, Dorothy Shakespeare

130
Q

Who published Pound’s thoughts on Imagisme?

A

F.S. Flint

131
Q

Marinetti made his mark on another writer other than Pound, who was this?

A

T.E Hulme

132
Q

When did T.E. Hulme publish his poem and what also happened in that year?

A

In 1909 it was called Autumn and he met Ezra Pound for the first time

133
Q

T.E. Hulme inspired what writers of Modernism?

A

Pound, T.S. Eliot, Wyndham Lewis and James Joyce

134
Q

What did Hulme describe his concept of image as?

A

The instantaneous receipt of information through the sense, before any of hits information might be intellectualized by language and active consideration

135
Q

When did Hulme establish the Poet’s Club?

A

In 1908

136
Q

What was the purpose of the Poet’s Club?

A

To meet and share original verse and prose

137
Q

Where did Hulme’s new group met?

A

At the Cafe Tour d’Effel in London

138
Q

Pound published Imagiste poems along with what other writers in the October 1912 issue of Harriet Monroe’s magazine Poetry?

A

Hilda Doolittle and Richard Aldington

139
Q

What did Poun append Ripostes?

A

The complete Poetical Works of T.E. Hulme

140
Q

How many of Hulme’s works were in Ripostes?

A

5 works

141
Q

What did Pound define the image as in the March issue of Poetry?

A

That which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time

142
Q

Pound’s move away from Imagism coincided with what two events?

A

The star of the war and the arrival of American poet Amy Lowell in England

143
Q

What would Pound mock the imagism under Amy Lowell’s control as?

A

Lowellism

144
Q

Pound’s clear break with Imagism was evidenced in what anthology of poetry?

A

The Catholic Anthology 1914 to 1915

145
Q

After his break with Imagism Pound turned towards what new movement along with what other writer?

A

Vorticism which he established along with Wyndham Lewis

146
Q

What was the name of the poem that Pound published in The Catholic Anthology that was attributed to a conversation with Hulme?

A

Trenches St. Eloi

147
Q

What are the questions that have arisen from Trenches St. Eloi?

A

Is the poem Pound’s or Hulme’s. When and with whom did the conversation take place. Is Pound the poet or the ventriloquist

148
Q

Betweeen Hulme and Pound who saw action at the front during the war?

A

Hulme

149
Q

Men in Trenches: St. Eloi are described as walking on what street in London?

A

Picaddily

150
Q

The mind of the speaker an the men in Trenches St. Eloi?

A

One

151
Q

What were the three most important artistic and literary events before the war’s start?

A

The development of Cubist art, Roger Fry’s staging of Post-Impressionist painting in London in 1910 and 1912, and the rise of the little magazine in Europe and the United States

152
Q

The friendship of Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso resulted in?

A

The development of Cubism

153
Q

How was the name Cubism derived?

A

When a critic at Braque’s exhibition in 1908 in Paris deemed the paitnings of being constructed of nothing more than little cubes

154
Q

Picasso’s contribution to Cubism was?

A

His use of the shapes of African and Oceanic masks as a model for his work

155
Q

The third artist who helped developed Cubism was?

A

Juan Gris

156
Q

What was the name of the exhibition opened by Robert Fry after the initial appearance of Picasso and Braque?

A

Manet and the Post-Impressionists

157
Q

When did the Manet and Post-Impressionist exhibition run?

A

At the Grafton Galleries from November 1910 to January 1911

158
Q

What were the works included by Fry in the Manet and the Post-Impressionists?

A

8 oils by Manet, 21 by Cezanne, 20 by Van Gogh, 37 by Ganguin, three by Matisse and two by Picasso

159
Q

What was the reactions of the critics to Fry’s Manet and the Post-Impressionist exhibition?

A

Overwhelmingly hostile

160
Q

Who wrote in Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Brown that On or about December 1910 human character changed?

A

Virginia Woolf

161
Q

What were some of the notable Little Magazines?

A

The New Age, The English Review, Poetry, The Little Review, Blast, Wheels, Transatlantic Review and Transitions

162
Q

The New Age was edited by who?

A

A.R. Orage

163
Q

The New Age played an important role in fostering debates about what movement?

A

Modernism

164
Q

When was the New Age published?

A

Between 1907 and 1922

165
Q

Who was published in The New Age?

A

Ezra Pound, Katherine Mansfield, H.G. Wells and T.E. Hulme

166
Q

How many volumes were in the English Review?

A

Four

167
Q

Who was featured in the English Review?

A

Thomas Hardy, H.G. Wells and Conrad, Pound, Wyndham Lewis and D.H. Lawrence

168
Q

The English Review served as a transition between what?

A

The traditional work and the appearance of the advant-garde

169
Q

What was one of the most substantial and long lasting American journals dedicated to poetry?

A

Poetry: A Magazine of verse

170
Q

Who was the editor of Poetry?

A

Harriet Monroe

171
Q

When did Poetry start publication?

A

1912

172
Q

What did Harriet Monroe dedicate Poetry to?

A

Publishing the best modern poetry she could find

173
Q

Who appeared in Harriet Monroe’s Poetry A Magazine of Verse?

A

W.B. Yeats, Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, Wallace Stevens, William Carlos Williams, Robert Frost, Carl Sandburg, Edgar Lee Masters, Amy Lowell

174
Q

What was the title of Monroe’s September 1914 edition of Poetry?

A

The Poetry of War

175
Q

What American journal was founded by Margaret Anderson?

A

The Little Review

176
Q

What writers were included in The Little Review?

A

Djuna Barnes, Eliot, Yeats, Dorothy Richardson, May Sinclair, Gertrude Stein and William Carlos Williams

177
Q

What was the most notable achievement of The Little Review?

A

The serialization of James Joyce’s Ulysses

178
Q

How many installments of James Joyce’s Ulysses were published in The Little Review?

A

23

179
Q

Why was the Little Review stopped?

A

The Society for the Suppression of Vice charged the journal with obscenity, brought the editors to trial and won the case

180
Q

Who founded the Blast?

A

Wyndham Lewis

181
Q

When did Blast run and for how many issues?

A

June and July 1914 with oly two issues

182
Q

What started and ended Blast?

A

The start of the war

183
Q

Blast helped shape what movement?

A

Vorticism

184
Q

Vorticism was a reaction against what three movements?

A

Imagism, Futurism and Cubism

185
Q

In what was the agenda of Vorticism published?

A

Long Live the Vortex

186
Q

What are some of the things that the Vorticism manifesto blesses?

A

The oceans, the hairdresser and English humor

187
Q

What did the signatories of the Vorticiism manifesto say their cause was?

A

No mans

188
Q

How many signatories were on the Vorticist manifesto?

A

Eleven

189
Q

The no-mans of Vorticism is an allusion to?

A

No mansland and Homer’s Odysseus who tricks Polyphemus the Cyclops by telling him that his name is no man

190
Q

In Blast’s first issue who and what was included?

A

Pound, a play by Lewis, Ford Maddox stories, Hueffer and Rebecca West along with Lewis illustrations and Gaudeir-Brzeksa

191
Q

The momentum of what two movements slowed at the start of the war?

A

Modernism and avant garde art

192
Q

Who wrote to Conrad Aiken that nearly everyone had faded away from London or is there very rarely?

A

T.S. Eliot

193
Q

Post=war modernism’s birth brought about what according to Samuel Hynes?

A

The most important wide ranging cultural change in modern English history

194
Q

Who described the cultural moment of Modernism as; criticism of the 19th century bourgeois social order and its world view?

A

jOHN bARTH

195
Q

D.H. Lawrence in 1924 wrote what about the Great War?

A

That it smashed the growing tip of European civilization

196
Q

Modernist writers repudiated the traditionalism of war poets like?

A

Siegfried Sassoon and Robert Graves

197
Q

Who were the major modernists?

A

Pound, Eliot, Woolf, Joyce, Lawrence, Fitzgerald, Faulkner and Hemingway

198
Q

What did Hemingway describe Paris as?

A

A moveable feats

199
Q

When did Hemingway arrive in Paris?

A

In 1921

200
Q

When did Pound meet Hemingway?

A

In 1922

201
Q

What story of Hemingway’s did critics say is indebted for the visuality of its landscapes to Cezanne’s own late landscape paintings?

A

Big Two Hearted River

202
Q

When did Hemingway meet Picasso?

A

In 1922

203
Q

Between May 1922 and May 1929 Hemingway was published in what magazines?

A

The Double Dealer, Poetry, Transatlantic Review, Der Querschnitt, The Little Review, This Quarter, The Exile and Transition

204
Q

How many issues of The English Review were there?

A

Eleven

Language and Literature (9 decks)

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