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Psychology (12AP) > The Story of Psychology - Prologue > Flashcards

The Story of Psychology - Prologue Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology before the 1920’s

A

The science of Mental Life

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2
Q

Psychology’s Definition Today….

A

The scientific study of human behavior, it’s mental processes, and brain functions

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3
Q

How is Psychology a science

A
  • Conduct research and experiments
  • Work in labs and clinics
  • Use math and statistics to report results
  • Asses, study, and treat those with mental health issues
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4
Q

What is Structuralism

A

An early school of Psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
- Psychologist: Edward Bradford Titchener

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5
Q

What is Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

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6
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A
  • First to study ‘atoms of the mind’
  • Conducted first experiments in 1879
  • Established first psychology laboratory
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7
Q

William James

A
  • Created first psychology textbook
  • Was a functionalist
  • Preformed first lab experiments on memory
  • First to have a female student (Mary Calkins)
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8
Q

APA

A

American Psychological Association

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9
Q

Mary Calkins

A

First APA Female president

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10
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • Studied the importance of the unconscious mind and and it’s effects on human behaviors.
  • Responsible for the birth of psychoanalysis
  • Also studied ways emotional responses to childhood experiences effected our behaviors
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11
Q

Behaviorism

A

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental process.
- John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner (1960)

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12
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and out need for love and acceptance
- Abraham Maslow, Carl rogers

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13
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

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14
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social cultural levels of analysis

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15
Q

Biological Influences

A
  • Natural selection of adaptive traits
  • Genetic predispositions responding to environment
  • Brain mechanisms
  • Hormonal influences
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16
Q

Psychological Influences

A
  • Learned fears and other learned expectations
  • Emotional Responses
  • Cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations
17
Q

Social - Cultural Influences

A
  • Presence of others
  • Cultural, societal and family expectations
  • Peer and group influence
  • Compelling Models (such as in the media)
18
Q

Neuroscience Perspective

A

How the body and brain enable neurochemistry, emotions, memories and sensory expectations

19
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes

20
Q

Behavior Genetics Perspective

A

How much of our DNA, genes and our environment influence our individual differences

21
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

22
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

How do we learn observable responses

23
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. Experimenting with how we perceive, think, and solve problems

24
Q

Social - Cultural Perspective

A

Variances of behavior and thinking across societies and cultures

25
Q

Biological Psychologist Perspective

A

Explore the links between brain, mind and body

26
Q

Developmental Psychologist Perspective

A

Study changing abilities from womb to tomb

27
Q

Personality Psychologist Perspective

A

Investigates our persistent traits

28
Q

Social Psychologist Perspective

A

How we view and effect each other

29
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

30
Q

Counseling Psychology

A
  • Academic, vocational, and material challenges
  • A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well - being
31
Q

Educational Perspective

A

Studies and helps individuals in schools

32
Q

Industrial/Organizational

A

Studies and advises on behavior in the workplace

33
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific base

34
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

35
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

36
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Psychology (12AP) (6 decks)

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