Chapter 3: Consciousness and the two track mind

Question 1

Dual Processing

Answer 1

The principal that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

Question 2

Inattentional Violence

Answer 2

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Question 3

Change Violence

Answer 3

Failing to notice changes in the environment

Question 4

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 4

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 - hour cycle

Question 5

REM Sleep

Answer 5

Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

Question 6

Stage one sleep

Answer 6

The transition between being awake and falling asleep.
It emits alpha waves.
Experience hallucinations - sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus.

Question 7

Stage two sleep

Answer 7

After 20 minutes of stage one sleep
Characterized by sleep spindles - bursts of rapid, rhythm brain activity
Sleep walking can occur

Question 8

Stage 3 sleep

Answer 8

A transitional sleep period

Question 9

Stage four

Answer 9

Deep sleep.
Children may wet the bed or have an episode of sleep walking
Your brain emits large, slow delta waves

Question 10

The sleep cycle

Answer 10

The sleep cycle repeats itself every 90 minutes

Question 11

Sleep commands how many hours a life

Answer 11

25 years

Question 12

How does sleep helps us

Answer 12

Sleep protects
Sleep helps us recuperate
Sleep is for making memories
Sleep feeds creative thinking
Sleep may play a role in the growth process

Question 13

Why do we dream

Answer 13

To satisfy our own wishes
To file away memories
To develop and preserve neural pathways
To make sense of neural static
To reflect cognitive development

Question 14

Dreams

Answer 14

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

Question 15

Manifest Content

Answer 15

According to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream (as distinct from form its latent, or hidden content).

Question 16

Latent Content

Answer 16

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

Question 17

REM Rebound

Answer 17

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (creating by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

Question 18

Psychoactive Drug

Answer 18

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Question 19

Tolerance

Answer 19

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same does of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

Question 20

Withdrawal

Answer 20

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Question 21

Physical Dependence

Answer 21

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Question 22

Psychological dependence

Answer 22

A physiological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Question 23

Addiction

Answer 23

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

Question 24

Depressants

Answer 24

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 25

Stimulants

Answer 25

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Question 26

Hallucinogens

Answer 26

A psychedelic drugs such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory impute.