Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Question 1

Behavior Genetics

Answer 1

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Question 2

Environment

Answer 2

Every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Thread like structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

The biochemical units of heredity that makeup the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up chromosomes

Question 7

Heritability

Answer 7

The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

Question 8

Enriched environmentsa

Answer 8

Rats in enriched environments, stimulated a natural environment, usually developed a heavier and thicker brain cortex

Question 9

Nature and nurture

Answer 9

Sculpt our synapses

Question 10

Lacking exposure to language early means…

Answer 10

A child will never learn language

Question 11

Norms

Answer 11

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper behavior”

Question 12

Individualism

Answer 12

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Question 13

Collectivism

Answer 13

Giving priority to goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

Question 14

Social learning Theory

Answer 14

Proposes that we learn gender behavior like any other behavior - reinforcement, punishment, and observation

Question 15

Gender Schema Theory

Answer 15

Suggests that we learn cultural ‘recipe’ of how to be a male or female, which influences our gender - based on our perceptions of behaviors

Question 16

Nature

Answer 16

chromosomes containing DNA are situated in the nucleus of the cell. We inherit of one set of 23 chromosomes from each parent.

Question 17

Origin of blue eyes

Answer 17

Happened about 6000 - 10 000 years ago when there was a genetic mutation. All blue eyed people have one common ancestor. the gene code is called OCA2

Question 18

Temperament

Answer 18

Refers to a persons stable emotional reactivity and intensity. Identical twins express similar temperaments, suggesting hereditary predisposes temperament

Question 19

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 19

Study why we as humans are alike. It studies the evolution of behavior and mind using natural selection and evolutionary advantage over the species

Question 20

Biology of Sex

Answer 20

Biological sex is determined by the 23rd pair of chromosomes. If the pair is XX, a female is produced. If a pair is XY, a male child is produced.

Question 21

Turners Syndrome

Answer 21

X only females webbed necks, etc…

Question 22

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Answer 22

XXY only female, tall, long arms, legs, and breasts. Sterile, mild intellectual Disability

Question 23

Double Y Syndrome

Answer 23

YYX Male, very tall, low intelligence

Question 24

Sexual Differentiation

Answer 24

The mother’s womb, the male fetus is exposed to testosterone (because of the y chromosome) which leads to the development of male genitalia.
If low levels of testosterone are released in the uterus, the result is female

Question 25

Gender Roles

Answer 25

Expectations of how men and women are supposed to behave. Shaped by our culture

Question 26

Gender Identity

Answer 26

Means how a person views himself or herself in terms of gender