the state and globalisation - paper 3 Flashcards
What were the three key principles established by the Treaty of Westphalia?
- Sovereignty of states
- Legal equality between states
- Non-intervention between states
What is a nation?
A community of people who share characteristics and values but may not be recognized as a state.
What is self-determination?
The right of a nation to define itself and govern independently.
Give an example of a nation without state recognition.
The Kurdish nation, which spans Turkey, Syria, and Iraq.
What are the four criteria for statehood?
- Permanent population
- Clearly defined territory
- Effective government
- Recognition by other states
Why is Syria considered an ineffective state?
It has lost control of its territory to groups like ISIS.
Why is Antarctica not a state?
It has no permanent population.
What is a nation-state?
A state that is politically independent and culturally unified.
How did the Cold War lead to the formation of new nation-states?
The collapse of the Soviet Union resulted in independent states like Latvia, Georgia, and Ukraine.
What is the difference between internal and external sovereignty?
Internal sovereignty: Full control over domestic affairs.
External sovereignty: Recognition as an independent state in global politics.
What are five factors driving globalisation?
- Technology
- Transport
- Culture
- Politics
- Economics
What is political globalisation?
The increasing influence of global institutions over state decision-making.
What is intergovernmentalism?
Cooperation between states to make joint political decisions (e.g., the United Nations).
What is supranationalism?
Institutions that have authority over states and can enforce policies (e.g., the EU).
How do liberals and realists view political globalisation?
- Liberals: States will become less important over time.
- Realists: States will remain the dominant actors.
What is economic globalisation?
The increasing integration of national economies into a global marketplace.
What institutions help govern economic globalisation?
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the World Bank.
How does economic globalisation impact sovereignty?
It erodes economic sovereignty as states depend more on global markets.
What is cultural globalisation?
The merging of cultures into a single global culture.
Give three examples of cultural globalisation.
- McDonald’s selling American-style food worldwide.
- Doctor Who being watched on multiple continents.
- Coca-Cola being one of the most globally recognized brands.
How has technology accelerated cultural globalisation?
The internet spreads cultural values, customs, and brands globally.
How has globalisation impacted state sovereignty?
- States are more interdependent in trade, politics, and information.
- International organisations challenge state control.
- Non-state actors like corporations and NGOs influence global politics.
What is humanitarian intervention, and why is it controversial?
- When states intervene in others to prevent human rights abuses.
- It challenges the Westphalian principle of non-intervention.
What are the three main perspectives on globalisation?
Hyperglobalisers (liberals) – Globalisation is positive, reducing conflict and increasing cooperation.
Sceptics (realists) – Globalisation is overstated; nation-states remain dominant.
Transformationalists – Globalisation is real but does not eliminate state power.
How has globalisation influenced poverty?
increased global trade has lifted millions out of poverty.
How has globalisation influenced conflict?
Greater economic interdependence reduces war but creates new tensions.
How has globalisation influenced human rights?
International organisations enforce human rights but challenge sovereignty.
How has globalisation influenced the environment?
Global cooperation is needed to tackle climate change.
What is the biggest challenge to state sovereignty today?
The influence of global institutions, transnational corporations, and interdependence.
Why do some argue that globalisation is inevitable?
Technology, trade, and cultural exchange make global integration unstoppable.
