Nationalism - paper 2 Flashcards
what defines a nation?
a group of people with shared characteristics , such as language and traditions
when did the concept of a state and sovereignty emerge?
- the state as a political unit developed during the industrial revolution
- the treaty of Westphalia (1648) introduced the concept of sovereignty, giving states the right to control their affairs
what is the difference between exclusive and inclusive nations
- exclusive nation: defined by ethnicity or similar characteristics, limiting membership
- inclusive nation: seeks to include people from various backgrounds
what is self-determination?
self determination is the desire for a nation to define itself and govern according to its own needs and interests
what is a nation state?
- a nation that governs its own geographic area
what is culturalism in nationalism?
- the belief that nationalism is based on shared cultural views and emotional connections like language
- volksgeist argues that understanding a nations spirit is essential
what is racialism?
- the belief that distinct races exist with biological differences that can not change
- nations based on this are exclusive
- eg Nazi Germany
what is internationalism?
- promotes unity among nations and seeks to create a single worldwide society
what is liberal nationalism?
- advocates for self determination and inclusivity
- supports multiculturalism and builds peaceful relations relations between nations
- for example the league of nations
what is anti/post colonial nationalism
- anti colonial nationalism seeks to remove colonial powers
- post colonial nationalism focuses on establishing an independent nation after colonialism
what is conservative nationalism?
- emphasizes maintaining tradition, culture
- exclusive membership on sharing these values
- monoculturalism
expansionist nationalism?
- based on the belief in the superiority of ones nation, aiming for territorial expansion
- highly exclusive
- Nazi Germany
- racially driven and seeks to remove citizens rights
civic nationalism
- based on citizens participation in the nation rather than biological or emotional characteristics
- promotes equality
culturalist nationalism?
- focuses on shared cultural values such as ethnicity, language and religion
what is the difference between rational and irrational nationalism?
- rational nationalism: focuses on self determination and inclusion
- irrational nationalism: seeks to limit others rights to expand ones own nation
what is the difference between inclusive and exclusive nationalism?
- inclusive nationalism: allows participation based on shared values, history and citizenship
- exclusive nationalism: restricts membership based on ethnicity, race or territory
what is the difference between progressive and regressive nationalism?
- progressive nationalism: aims to move the nation forward, establishing new independent states
- regressive nationalism: seeks to maintain tradition and resist societal change, often upholding existing institutions like the monarchy
what is Rousseaus view on nationalism
- emphasized civic nationalism
- the states legitimacy comes from the active participation of citizens
what was Herder’s perspective on nationalism?
- cultural nationalism
- a nations identity is defined by shared language and culture
- argued for strong relations between nations to increase understanding
what is Mazzinis view on nationalism?
- italian republicanism and self-determintation
- belived nations were partnerships of free and equal humans
what was Garvey’s vision for nationalism
- promoted black nationalism, advocating unity among black people to overcome colonialism and support post colonial African self determination
