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Higher physics SQA > The Standard Model > Flashcards

The Standard Model Flashcards

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1
Q

What are fermions?

A

Matter particles

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2
Q

What are the 2 groups of fermions?

A

Quarks and leptons

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3
Q

What is included in a lepton?

A

An electron, a tau particle, muons and neutrinos

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4
Q

What are the 6 types of quark?

A

Up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom

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5
Q

Which are the quarks that exist for a significant amount of time in the current low energy state of the universe?

A

Up and down quarks

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6
Q

What charge does a up (charm&top) have?

A

+2/3

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7
Q

What charge does a down (strange&bottom) have?

A

-1/3

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8
Q

What charge does an electron (muon/tau) have?

A

-1

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9
Q

What charge does an electron neutrino (Muon neutrino&Tau neutrino) have?

A

0

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10
Q

What is an antimatter particle?

A

The equivalent of a fundamental particle but with an opposing charge

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11
Q

What is the antiparticle of an electron?

A

A positron

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12
Q

What happens when a particle and its antiparticle combine?

A

They annihilate each other, releasing energy

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13
Q

what are the particles formed when quarks combine?

A

Hadrons

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14
Q

What is it called when 2 quarks combine?

A

Mesons

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15
Q

What’s it called when 3 quarks combine?

A

A baryon

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16
Q

What is the condition on combining quarks?

A

They can only exist when there is a whole number for the overall charge

17
Q

What is a proton (in terms of quarks)?

A

2 up quarks and 1 down quark
(total charge: +1)

18
Q

What is a neutron (in terms of quarks)?

A

2 down quarks and 1 up quark
(total charge: 0)

19
Q

What are neutrinos antiparticles?

A

They are their own antiparticles

20
Q

What is evidence for neutrinos?

A

The discovery that the total energy before and after beta decay is not equal so another particle (neutrinos) are responsible for missing energy

21
Q

What are the 4 types of forces in the universe?

A
  • the strong nuclear force
  • the weak nuclear force
  • the electromagnetic force
  • the gravitational force
22
Q

What are gauge bosons?

A

Force mediating particles which are exchanged when objects of mass interact producing a force from one object to anither

23
Q

What is the weakest type of force in the universe?

A

Gravitational force

24
Q

What is the gauge boson (force mediating particle) of gravitational force?

A

Graviton

25
Q

What is the gauge boson (force mediating particle) of electromagnetic force?

A

The Photon

26
Q

What are the gauge bosons of the weak nuclear force?

A

W+, W- and Z bosons

27
Q

What is the gauge boson of the strong nuclear force?

A

The gluon

28
Q

What is the particle made of quarks and antiquarks?

A

Mesons

29
Q

What are the 3 types of Lepton neutrinos?

A

Electron neutrino, tau neutrino, muon neutrino

Higher physics SQA (18 decks)

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