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Higher physics SQA > Spectra > Flashcards

Spectra Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the photoelectric effect?

A

The phenomena where light or electromagnetic radiation can cause electrons to move or to be transferred from one material to another

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2
Q

Does a higher or lower frequency photon have more energy?

A

A higher frequency has more energy

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3
Q

Why can ultraviolet eject an electron from a metal but orange light cannot?

A

Because orange light has a lower frequency so does not have enough energy to eject the electron

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4
Q

What is threshold frequency?

A

fo - The minimum frequency of a photon which causes electron emission

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5
Q

What is the work function?

A

The minimum energy required to eject an electron from its parent atom

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6
Q

What is irradiance?

A

The power per unit area of a radiation

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7
Q

What is ionisation energy?

A

The energy level at which an electron escapes from the electric field of the nucleus

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8
Q

What happens when an electron falls from one energy level to a lower one?

A

It releases a fixed quantity of energy resulting in a photon of light with a certain energy being released.

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9
Q

What is consistent between all electrons released from an atom? How does this affect the colour spectrum?

A

The have the same frequency so a single line of a single colour is produced for that atom

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10
Q

What is the emission spectrum?

A

The colours produced from an atom by a photon when an electron makes a transition to a lower energy level

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11
Q

What is the absorption spectrum?

A

Black lines produced in a spectrum caused when the vapour of an element absorbs particular photons of light.

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12
Q

Why do the lines appear in the same position for emission and Absorption?

A

Because the atom can only absorb photons with exactly the same energy as the gap in the energy levels in the atoms.

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13
Q

How does absorption work?

A

The electrons absorb the energy from the photons and use it to move to a higher energy level producing a black line on the spectrum. If a photon doesn’t have the exact energy for Ana electron it cannot be absorbed so passes through the vapour creating a rainbow on the spectrum.

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14
Q

The higher the energy gap in an atom the _____ the frequency of the photon produced

A

Higher

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15
Q

What can spectra be used for?

A

To identify elements present in the atmosphere

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16
Q

The smaller the energy transition the ______ the wavelength of the photon

A

Longer

17
Q

What is evidence of light acting as particles?

A

Photons providing energy in discrete bundles

18
Q

What is irradiance measured in?

A

Wm-2

19
Q

What happens if you double the distance between yourself and a point source?

A

The irradiance falls to a quarter of it’s original value

20
Q

What does the inverse square relationship for irradiance apply to?

A

All electromagnetic radiation

21
Q

What happens when electrons make the transition from a high energy level to a lower energy level?

A

A photon if energy is released and the energy of this photon is equal to the energy gap between the two energy levels

22
Q

What is Ground state ?

A

The lowest permitted energy level in an atom

23
Q

What is ionisation level?

A

The energy level at which an electron escaped from the electric field of a nucleus

24
Q

What is a point source?

A

Where light from a point spreads out evenly in all directions

25
Q

When does an electron have zero potential energy?

A

When ionisation takes place and it has escaped from the nucleus’s field

26
Q

Equation for area?

A

4 pi r (squared)

27
Q

The smaller the work function the _______ the threshold frequency

A

Lower

28
Q

Explain how a line emission is produced?

A

If an electron is in an excited state it can return to a lower energy level, emitting a photon. Different transitions produce different lines/frequencies of photons

29
Q

Explain why some line emissions are brighter than others?

A

As more electrons make those transitions per second so there are more photons produced each Devon and emitted. Producing a brighter line

Higher physics SQA (18 decks)

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