The stages of attachment as investigated by Schaffer Flashcards
what is a primary attachment figure?
The person who has formed the closest bond with a child, demonstrated by the intensity of this relationship
what is multiple attachment
having more than one attachment figure
what is seperation anxiety?
the distress shown by an infant when sepraion from his/her primary caregiver
what is stranger anxiety?
the distres from an infant where approached or picked up by somone who is unfamilliar
what is a secure base?
the ability to use a caregiver as a safe base from which to explore the world
Acroding to Flanagan(1999), how do you know an infant is attached?
proximity is a key feature of any definition of attachment.
who study is this and when?
Shaffer and Emerson( 1964)
who were the participents?
60 babies from Glasgow
how long the participents measured for and how often?
a year at monthly intervals
what type of study is it?
longitudinal study
where were the children studied?
Their House
what stage in life were they studying?
first 18 months
what was analysed and why?
interactions with carers and when infants first started to display seperation anxiety
waht was seperation anxiety used as a measure for?
whether an attachment had formed with that caregiver
waht were the seven scenarios parent reported on seperation anxiety about?
-left alone in a room
-left with other people
-left in their pram outside the shop
-left in their cot at night
-put down after being held
-passed by while sitting on their cot/chair
what did the results say about who the attachment is most likley to form with?
the carer who is the most sensitive to babies signals
what did the results say about the babies by the time they were ten months old
most of the babies had several attachemnts, included attachments to mothers,fathers, siblings and extended family
what did the findings say about who the main attachment figure was?
mother or father
mother
what are the stages?
Asocial stage
indiscriminate attachments
specific
multiple
when does the asocial stage happen?
0-6 weeks
when does the indiscriminate attachment stage take place?
6 weeks-6 months
when does the specific attachmetn stage take place?
7 months+
when does the multiple attachment stage take place?
10/11 months+
what happens in the asocial stage of attachment?
similar responses to objects and people
prefrences for eyes/faces
what happens in the indiscriminate attachnment stage?
preference for human company
ability to dinsinguish between people but comforted indiscriminatley
what happens in the specific stage of attachemnt?
infants sow a preference for one caregiver,displaying seperation and stranger anxiety
the baby looks to specific people for security comfort and protection
what happens in the multiple stage of attachment?
attachment behaviours are displayed towards several different people. e.g., siblings,grandparents, parents
