caregiver-infant interactions

Question 1

according to schaffer(1996) what is attachment?

Answer 1

A long-enduring, emotionally meaningful tie to a particular individual’

Question 2

waht is attachment charactarsed by

Answer 2

a descire for clossness and seperation anxiety

Question 3

how do attachments develop?

Answer 3

a two way process in which emotional connection develops between an infant and his/her primary caregiver.

Question 4

what do attachments influence?

Answer 4

a childs physical, cognitive, neurological and psychological development

Question 5

what is attachment the basis for?

Answer 5

development of our basic trust or mistrust and shapes how the child will relate to the world,learn and form relashionships throughout life

Question 6

what is reciprocity

Answer 6

a form of interacrion between infant and caregiver involving a mutual responsivness, with both parties being able to produce a respone from one another

Question 7

give an example of resciprocity?

Answer 7

smiling. When a infant smiles it triggers a smile in caregiver and vise versa

Question 8

what is interactional synchroncy

Answer 8

a form of rythmatic interaction between caregiver and infant involving mutual focus, reciprocitiy and imitation./ mirroring of emotion/behaviour. Infants coorodinate their actions with the caregivers in a kind of conversation

Question 9

where does interctional synchrony start?

Answer 9

initial consolidation of biological rythms during pregnancy and the emergance of symbolic and often rythmic exchanges etween parent and child

Question 10

what are interactions important?

Answer 10

it is the basis of the attachment between infant and caregiver
the more sensitive they are to each others cure, the more responsive, the more deeper the bond

Question 11

who investigated interactional synchrony and when?

Answer 11

Meltzoff and Moore(1977)

Question 12

Meltzoff and Moore(1977) findings?

Answer 12

children as young as 2-3 week olds imitated specific facial and hand gestures

Question 13

outline Meltzoff and Moore(1977) study

Answer 13

used an adult model who displayed one of three facial expessions or hand movements where the fingers moved in a sequence. a dummy was placed in the infants mouth during the initial display t prevent any response
following the display the dummy was removed and the childs response was recorded.

Question 14

conclusion of meltzoff and moore(1977)

Answer 14

Very young infants will imitate facial expressions of adult role models, suggesting therefore that they are innately social and that this behaviour contributes to the development of attachments.

Question 15

who conducted the frozen face experiment and when?

Answer 15

Murray and Trevarthen (1985)

Question 16

what did the frozen face experiment test?

Answer 16

the implications of the withdrawal of interactional synchrony on the social and emotional development of the infant

Question 17

who were the participents in Murray and Trevarthen(1985)

Answer 17

2 month olds

Question 18

Murray and Trevarthen(1985) procedure?

Answer 18

Two month old infants first interacted via a video monitor with their mother in real time.Then the video monitor played a tape where the mother is not responding to the infants’s facial and bodily gestures causing acute distress in the infant.

Question 19

Murray and Trevarthen(1985) findings?

Answer 19

The infants tried to gain their mother’s interest but when they received no response they turned away.This demonstrated that the infant is actively producing a response rather than displaying a response that has been rewarded.This further supports the idea that such behaviours are innate rather than learned.

Question 20

what did Jean Piget(1962) believe about imitation

Answer 20

true imitation developed at the end of the first year and anything before this was response training(infant repeating behaviour that was rewarded -a result of operant conditioning). Piaget believed the infants behaviour was pseudo imitation ,the infant had not consciously translated what they see into a matching movement.