effects of institutionalisation

Question 1

define institutionalisation ?

Answer 1

the effect that institutionalisation care has on an individuals development .

Question 2

name the four areas of devlopmental impacts?

Answer 2

physical
emotional
cognitive
social

Question 3

explain Gardner(1972)

Answer 3

children in institutional care were observed to be physically small
Gardner concluded that a lack of emotional care rather than poor nourishment can lead to deprivational dwarfism

Question 4

explain Hodges and Tizard(1989) Aim

Answer 4

to investigate the effects of institutionalisation on children who had been in residential care

Question 5

explain Hodges and Tizard(1989) participants

Answer 5

26 children who had been placed in residential care before the age of 4 months of age .The care received by the children was impersonal as staff regularly changed and therefore the children could be viewed as maternally deprived or even privated . The children were then adopted

Question 6

explain Hodges and Tizard(1989) method?

Answer 6

assessed when they were 6 years old and when they were 16 years old

Question 7

explain Hodges and Tizard(1989) results

Answer 7

no major difficulties were reported.
some issues with social development : problems with relationships , friendliness with strangers (dis-inhibited attachment ) , overaggressive and unpopular at school ,good relationship with adopted parents , not like how bowbly predicated in his theory of maternal deprivation .

Question 8

Quinton et al (1984)

Answer 8

compared a group of 50 women brought up in children’s home with 50 women who has been brought up at home
when women were in their 20’s , ex-instituional group were observed to be experiencing difficulties with parenting

Question 9

Goldfard(1943)

Answer 9

longitudinal
15 pairs of children up to the age 10-14 .
experimental group: in institutional care up until the age of 3.
control, group: fostered soon after birth .
findings: performed well on a series of cognitive and emotional measures compared to the control group

Question 10

name the documented affect of instituionalisation ?

Answer 10

physical underdevelopment
intellectual underfuntioning
disinhibited attachment
poor parenting
quasi-autistic symptoms

Question 11

explain disinhibited attachment

Answer 11

a type of disorganised attachment where children do not discriminante between children they choose as attachment figures.Such children will treat near-strangers with inappropriate familiarity

Question 12

explain Qausi-autistic symptoms

Answer 12

autistic like patterns of behaviour such as difficulties in communication , social abilities ,stereotypes and repetitive behaviour.

Question 13

who studies romanian orphanages and when ?

Answer 13

Rutter and Songua Barke (2010)

Question 14

Aim , Rutter and Songua Barke (2010)

Answer 14

To investigate the development of children adopted from Romanian orphanages in 1990s to the UK .

Question 15

Rutter and Songua Barke (2010) sample

Answer 15

165 Romanian children who spent their early years in institutional care

Question 16

Rutter and Songua Barke (2010) procedure

Answer 16

adoptees tested at regular intervals( age 4,6,11,15) to assess their physical ,cognitive and social development .informational gathered through interviews with parents and teachers

progress compared with British control group

Question 17

Rutter and Songua Barke (2010) findings

Answer 17

At the age of 4 , all Romanian children were developmentally behind the British control group
improvements were most marked in children adopted before the age of 6 months
follow up studies demonstrate social problems persist in children adopted after 6 months
disinhibted attachments ,Qausi-autistic symptoms ,poor peer relationships

Question 18

Rutter and Songua Barke (2010) conclusions

Answer 18

The consequences of institutionalisation are not as severe as once though ,when children are given the opportunity to develop attachments .However when children do not develop attachment the consequences are likely to be severe. The long term effects are greater in those adopted after 6 months.