The spread of pathogens

Question 1

endemic

Answer 1

a disease that is always prevalent in a particular area / country

Question 2

epidemic

Answer 2

an increase in the prevalence of a certain disease
called OUTBREAK when it is LOCAL

Question 3

Pandemic

Answer 3

A disease that is spreading across the world

Question 4

Name the stages of the chain of infection

Answer 4

Pathogen -> reservoir -> portal of exit -> MoT -> portal of entry -> susceptical host ->

Question 5

Reservoir

Answer 5

where the pathogen lives before it infects (ie person, animal, food, water, soil, inanimate object)

Question 6

Portal exit

Answer 6

How the pathogen leaves the reservoir
CAN exit out of the human body openings (mouth, nose, etc)

or breaks in mucus membrane (skins in mouth, eyes, nose, vagina, rectum)

Body fluids -> urine, stool, vomit, saliva, mucous, pus, sputum, etc

Question 7

Mode of transmission

Answer 7

HOW the pathogen travels from the portal of exit ti the next reservoir or host

Question 8

Examples of modes of transmissions

Answer 8

Physical contact (direct of indirect)
Droplet
Airborne
Vehicle
Vector

Question 9

Portal entry

Answer 9

where the pathogen gain entry to the new host
(entry points can be the same as exits)

Question 10

Susceptible host

Answer 10

a person at risk for infection

degree of susceptibility depends on the strength of immune system

ppl who are immunocompromised = more at risk