the spread of English Flashcards
what are the 3 distinct groups of users?
native langauge (ENL) second language (ESL) foreign language (EFL)
what is native language (ENL)?
mother tongue language, English used as first language or American/Australian
what is second language (ESL)?
English used as a second language. key role in administration, education, and for example in India or Bangladesh
what is foreign language (EFL)?
English serves no purpose in their own countries but is leaned to communicate with english speakers in other countries
One of the most influential models of ‘World Englishes’ was the three circles, who was the theorist?
Braj Kachru
the three circles model: expanding circle?
English used to communicate with other speakers in business, english used as a lingua franca
the three circles model: the outer circle
english as L2 second language often has official status
the three circles model: inner circle
English used as first language L1 - UK/CANADA/AUTRAILIA/USA
what are the connotations of the circle model?
Implication of this is what is important, what is valued, what is ‘correct’. But is this really rather patronising to ‘other’ Englishes, a suggestion there is something more peripheral about them, that they’re not at the centre of English’s development/regulation…
who is the theorist for Dynamic Model of Post-Colonial Englishes
Schneider
what does the model show?
what happens as a result of the influences of colonisation over time. At first, the two varieties will be distinct and there may be some separation of the two groups of speakers, but over-time, these distinctions weaken until co-existence is achieved. . It is at this point, that new varieties of a language tend to be born.
what are the 5 phases?
1: foundation, 2: exonormative stabalisation, 3: nativisation, 4: endonormative stabalisation, 5: differentaiation
