Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Functional Anatomy > The Spine > Flashcards

The Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different sections of the vertebral column?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many vertebrae are in each section of the spinal column?

A
  • 7 Cervical
  • 12 Thoracic
  • 5 Lumbar
  • 5 Sacral (Fused)
  • 3-5 Coccyx (Fused)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many curves are there in the spine and how are they categorised?

A

4; 2 Primary and 2 Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 Primary curves of the spine?

A

Thoracic and Sacro-coccygeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two secondary curves of the spine?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is another word used to describe the curve of the cervical and lumbar spines?

A

Lordotic/Lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another word used to describe the curve of the thoracic spine?

A

Kyphotic/Kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can the C3-7 Vertebrae be identified?

A

Oval body, short spinous processes and large foramen, with foramen in the transverse processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can C1 (atlas) be identified?

A

No body or spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can C2 (axis) be identified?

A

The ‘dens’; a process that projects superior from the spine body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Apart from other vertebrae what do thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

A

The ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can the thoracic vertebrae be identified?

A

Heart shaped body, circular foramen, long spinous processes and transverse processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the structure of the thoracic vertebrae suggest about its function?

A

articular facets limit flexion and extension but allow for rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the structure of the Lumbar vertebrae suggest about its function?

A

Large body suggests load bearing function. Only allows flexion and extension due to orientation of articular facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can the lumbar vertebrae be identified?

A

Short thick pedicles and laminae, flat short spinous processes and triangular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three basic components of vertebrae and their functions?

A
  • Body: load bearing
  • Arch: Spinal cord protection
  • Processes: attachment for muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two types of intervertebral joints?

A
  • Vertebral body articulation

- Vertebral facet articulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are vertebral body articulations

A

Symphysis joint between two vertebral bodies and a fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are vertebral facet articulations?

A

Non axial diarthrodial joints. Movement determined largely by orientation of articular facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the intervertebral disc made up of?

A

Annulus Fibrosis and Nucleus Pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis

A

Outer fibrosis ring of the spinal disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?

A

Inner ball of firmly compressed elastic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much does water make up intervertebral discs?

A

80-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much of the length of the spinal column is due to intervertebral discs?

A

1/4 the Length of the Spinal Column?

25
Q

What are the vertebral ligaments?

A
  • Anterior Longitudinal Ligaments
  • Posterior longitudinal ligaments
  • Ligamentum flavum
  • Interspinous ligament
  • Supraspinous ligament
  • Intertransverse ligaments
26
Q

What is the function of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments of the spine?

A

Connects the vertebral bodies

27
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum flavum?

A

Connects the lamine from the axis to the sacrum

28
Q

What is the function of the Interspinous ligament?

A

Connects contiguous spinous processes

29
Q

What is the function of the supraspinous ligament?

A

Connects apices of the spinous processes

30
Q

What is the function of the intertransverse ligaments?

A

Connects the transverse processes

31
Q

What are the movements of the spine?

A
  • Flexion/Extension
  • Lateral Flexion
  • Rotation
  • Circumduction
32
Q

What occurs in the vertebrae during spinal flexion?

A

Compression of anterior aspect of the inter-vertebral disc and gliding of the facet joints

33
Q

Where does spinal flexion most freely occur?

A

Cervical, Upper Thoracic and Lumbar regions?

34
Q

Where does spinal extension most freely occur?

A

Cervical and Lumbar Region

35
Q

Why is thoracic extension limited?

A

Due to the orientation of the articular facets allowing rotation but limiting movement in the sagittal plane

36
Q

Where does lateral flexion most freely occur?

A

Cervical region followed by lumbar region

37
Q

Where does spinal rotation most freely occur?

A

Greatest at cervical region, then upper thoracic, then lower thoracic, least movement in the lumbar

38
Q

What is the action of the prevertebral muscles?

A

Same Side flexion or opposite side rotation (separately) and neck flexion (together)

39
Q

What is the action of the Hyoid muscles

A

(Together) Neck flexion

40
Q

What is the action of the external abdominal oblique?

A

(Bilateral) PPT, Thorcic and Lumbar flexion (Unilateral) : Lateral Flexion and Rotation

41
Q

What is the action of the internal abdominal oblique?

A

(Bilateral) Thoracic and Lumbar flexion against gravity

(Unilateral) Lateral Flexion and Rotation

42
Q

What is the action of the Rectus Abdominis?

A

(Bilateral) Thoracic and Lumbar Flexion against gravity and PPT (Unilateral) Side Flexion

43
Q

What is the action of the Transverse Abdominis?

A

Stability of trunk, Flattening of the abdominal wall

44
Q

What muscles on the anterior aspect of the body affect the cervical spine?

A

Prevertebral muscles

45
Q

What muscles on the anterior aspect of the body affect the thoracic and lumbar spine?

A

Abdominals

46
Q

What muscles on the posterior aspect of the body affect the cervical spine?

A

Splenius

47
Q

What muscles on the posterior aspect of the body affect the thoracic and lumbar spine?

A

Erector Spinae and Semispinalis

48
Q

What muscles on the lateral aspect of the body affect the cervical spine?

A

Scalenus, Sternocleidomastoid, Levator Scapulae

49
Q

What muscles on the lateral aspect of the body affect the thoracic and lumbar spine?

A

Quadratus Lumborum,and Psoas Major

50
Q

What is the action of the Splenius (Capitis and Cervicis) muscle?

A

Bilateral: (hyper)extension of neck
unilateral: same side flexion or rotation

51
Q

What are the three branches of the erector spinae?

A
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis
52
Q

What is the action of the erector spinae?

A

Bilateral: extension against gravity or resistance
Unilateral: Same side flexion or rotation

53
Q

What is the action of the semispinalis?

A

Bilateral: extension of C and T spine
Unilateral: Same side flexion and rotation

54
Q

What are the deep spinal erectors?

A
  • Multifidus
  • Rotator longus and brevis
  • Interspinalis
  • Intertransversus lateral and medial
  • Levator costae longus and brevis
55
Q

What is the action of Scalenus (ant, post and med) muscle?

A

Bilateral: C spine flexion
Unilateral: same side flexion

56
Q

What is the action of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Bilateral: Head and Neck flexion
Unilateral: same side flexion, opposite side rotation

57
Q

What is the action of the Quadratus Lumborum on the spine?

A

Stabilises pelvis and lumbar (bilateral) and same side flexion of lumbar (unilateral)

58
Q

What is the action of the psoas major on the spine?

A

Bilateral: increased lordosis
Unilateral: same side flexion when insertion fixed

Functional Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions