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Functional Anatomy > The Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

The Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there in the foot?

A

26

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2
Q

What is the Talocrural joint?

A
  • Uni-axial Hinge Joint; articulation of the malleoli of the tibia (medial) and fibula (lateral) with the talus
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3
Q

What is the movement at the talocrural joint?

A

Plantar/Dorsi Flexion

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4
Q

What is the Talocalcaneal joint, and what movement occurs at it?

A

Articulation between talus and calcaneus. Allows inversion and eversion.

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5
Q

What are the ligaments on the lateral aspect of the ankle and rear foot?

A
  • Anterior Talofibular
  • Posterior Talofibular
  • Calcaneofibular
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6
Q

What are the ligaments on the medial aspect of the ankle and rear foot?

A
  • Anterior Tibiotalar
  • Posterior Tibiotalar
  • Tibiocalcaneal
  • Tibionavicular
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7
Q

What are all the medial ankle ligaments referred to as collectively?

A

Deltoid ligament

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8
Q

What are the joints of the mid foot?

A
  • Calcaneocuboid joint

- Talonavicular joint

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9
Q

What is the calcaneocuboid joint?

A

non axial gliding joint on the lateral side of the mid foot

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10
Q

What is the talonavicular joint?

A

Limited ROM shallow ball and socket joint on the medial side of the mid foot

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11
Q

What type of joint are the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

non axial gliding

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12
Q

What type of joint are the inter-metatarsal joints?

A

non axial gliding

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13
Q

What movements can occur are the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

Flexion and extesion, with limited add/abduction

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14
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A
  • Medial Longitudinal Arch
  • Lateral Longitudinal Arch
  • Transverse Arch
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15
Q

Where is the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Between the calcaneus and the 1st metatarsal

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16
Q

Where is the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

between the calcaneus and the 5th metatarsal

17
Q

Where is the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Formed by bases of the metatarsal bones

18
Q

What 3 movements form ankle pronation?

A
  • Ankle Dorsiflexion
  • Sub-talar eversion
  • Forefoot abduction/external rotation
19
Q

What 3 movements form ankle supination?

A
  • Ankle Plantarflexion
  • Sub-talar inversion
  • Forefoot adduction/internal rotation
20
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Tibialis Anterior?

A
  • O: Lateral Condyle of tibia, upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia
  • I: Medial surface of medial cuneiform bone and base of MT 1
  • A: Dorsiflexion, Inversion
21
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A
  • O: Upper 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
  • I: Dorsal aspect of middle and distal phalanges of 4 lesser toes
  • A: Extension of 4 lesser toes at metatarsophalangeal joints and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, dorsiflexion, eversion
22
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Extensor Hallucis longus?

A
  • O: Middle 2/3 of medial surface of fibula
  • I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux
  • A: Extension of hallux at metatarsophalangeal joint and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, dorsiflexion and weak inversion
23
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Gastrocnemius?

A

O: Lateral - Lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur. Medial - popliteal surface of femur above medial condyle

  • I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via achilles tendon
  • A: plantarflex and knee flexion
24
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Soleus?

A
  • O: Posterior surface of proximal fibula and proximal 2/3 of tibia
  • I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
  • A: Plantarflexion
25
Q

What is special about the Achilles Tendon?

A
  • Longest tendon in the human body

- Stores and returns elastic energy which reduces metabolic cost of locomotion

26
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Tibialis Posterior?

A
  • O: Posterior surface of upper 1/2 of interosseous membrane and adjacent surface of tibia and fibula
  • I: Plantar surface of navicular, cuboid and cuneiform bones and MT 2, 3 and 4
  • A: Inversion and Plantarflexion
27
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Flexor digitorum longus?

A
  • O: Medial 1/3 posterior surface tibia
  • I: Base of distal phalanges of 2,3,4 and 5 phalanges
  • A: Flexion of 4 lesser toes at MTP jints and proximal and distal IP joints; plantarflexion and inversion
28
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A
  • O: Lower 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
  • I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux
  • A: Flexion of hallux at MTP joint, and Proximal/distal IP joints; plantarflexion and inversion
29
Q

What is the origin, insertion of the Peroneus (fibularis) longus?

A
  • O: Head and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

- I: Plantar surface of medial cuneiform and MT 1

30
Q

What is the origin, insertion of the Peroneus (fibularis) brevis?

A
  • O: Mid to lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

- I: Tuberosity of MT 5

31
Q

What is the action of the Peroneus (fibularis)?

A
  • A: Eversion of foot, plantarflexion

Functional Anatomy (8 decks)

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