The Ankle and Foot Flashcards
How many bones are there in the foot?
26
What is the Talocrural joint?
- Uni-axial Hinge Joint; articulation of the malleoli of the tibia (medial) and fibula (lateral) with the talus
What is the movement at the talocrural joint?
Plantar/Dorsi Flexion
What is the Talocalcaneal joint, and what movement occurs at it?
Articulation between talus and calcaneus. Allows inversion and eversion.
What are the ligaments on the lateral aspect of the ankle and rear foot?
- Anterior Talofibular
- Posterior Talofibular
- Calcaneofibular
What are the ligaments on the medial aspect of the ankle and rear foot?
- Anterior Tibiotalar
- Posterior Tibiotalar
- Tibiocalcaneal
- Tibionavicular
What are all the medial ankle ligaments referred to as collectively?
Deltoid ligament
What are the joints of the mid foot?
- Calcaneocuboid joint
- Talonavicular joint
What is the calcaneocuboid joint?
non axial gliding joint on the lateral side of the mid foot
What is the talonavicular joint?
Limited ROM shallow ball and socket joint on the medial side of the mid foot
What type of joint are the tarsometatarsal joints?
non axial gliding
What type of joint are the inter-metatarsal joints?
non axial gliding
What movements can occur are the metatarsophalangeal joints?
Flexion and extesion, with limited add/abduction
What are the three arches of the foot?
- Medial Longitudinal Arch
- Lateral Longitudinal Arch
- Transverse Arch
Where is the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Between the calcaneus and the 1st metatarsal
Where is the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?
between the calcaneus and the 5th metatarsal
Where is the transverse arch of the foot?
Formed by bases of the metatarsal bones
What 3 movements form ankle pronation?
- Ankle Dorsiflexion
- Sub-talar eversion
- Forefoot abduction/external rotation
What 3 movements form ankle supination?
- Ankle Plantarflexion
- Sub-talar inversion
- Forefoot adduction/internal rotation
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Tibialis Anterior?
- O: Lateral Condyle of tibia, upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia
- I: Medial surface of medial cuneiform bone and base of MT 1
- A: Dorsiflexion, Inversion
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Extensor Digitorum Longus?
- O: Upper 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
- I: Dorsal aspect of middle and distal phalanges of 4 lesser toes
- A: Extension of 4 lesser toes at metatarsophalangeal joints and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, dorsiflexion, eversion
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Extensor Hallucis longus?
- O: Middle 2/3 of medial surface of fibula
- I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux
- A: Extension of hallux at metatarsophalangeal joint and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, dorsiflexion and weak inversion
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Gastrocnemius?
O: Lateral - Lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur. Medial - popliteal surface of femur above medial condyle
- I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via achilles tendon
- A: plantarflex and knee flexion
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Soleus?
- O: Posterior surface of proximal fibula and proximal 2/3 of tibia
- I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
- A: Plantarflexion
