The Spanish Armada Flashcards
When did Phillip II of Spain marry Mary Tudor?
1554
What did Phillip do with his new power after marrying Mary?
He was determined to protect the catholic faith so he used his power to instruct the Spanish Inquisition to attack the growth of Protestantism across Europe.
When did Phillip II become co-ruler of England with Mary?
July 1556 (Edward VI’s death)
What did Phillip do when Mary died in 1558?
He did not wish to sever ties with England so he attempted to arrange a marriage with Elizabeth but she rejected.
What did Elizabeth do in England to alarm Phillip?
She introduced her religious settlement and he hoped to find an opportunity to revert the country hack to the catholic faith. His eventual solution was an armada.
What were the brief reasons for the Spanish Armada? (8 points)
Marriage Civil war in France Phillip’s beliefs English sailors Spanish help for catholic plots Religious differences Dutch revolt Elizabeth and the Netherlands
How was marriage a reason for the Spanish Armada?
- Phillip has been married to Mary
- Elizabeth’s rejection
How was civil war in France a reason for the Spanish Armada?
- France was the traditional enemy of both England and Spain
- In 1562, civil war broke out in France between the catholics and protestants meaning it was no longer a threat
How were Phillip’s beliefs a reason for the Spanish Armada?
- Became king in 1555 and determined to control Protestant threat.
- Disliked Elizabeth’s religious settlement.
How were English sailors a reason for the Spanish Armada?
- Sir Francis Drake, knighted in 1581, stole from Spain
- Drake burned ships in Cadiz in 1587
How was Spanish help for Catholic plots a reason for the Spanish Armada?
- Phillip offered money and help (Spanish troops) to the plotters
- Mary Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568 and Catholics planned to overthrow Elizabeth, although Phillip did not want Mary to become queen, he was willing to stir up some trouble.
How religious differences a reason for the Spanish Armada?
- King Phillip was a strong Roman Catholic who wanted all Protestant countries to return Roman Catholic.
- In 1559 Elizabeth broke away from Catholic Church and created a Protestant church.
How the Dutch revolt a reason for the Spanish Armada?
- Protestants in the Netherlands began a revolt against the Spanish rule in 1572. Phillip sent a Spanish army to defeat them.
- The Dutch asked Elizabeth for help, she knew that their revolt would keep Spain too busy to threaten England. She was careful not to help them too early but allowed Dutch refugees to settle in England and Dutch ships to use English parts.
How was Elizabeth and the Netherlands a reason for the Spanish Armada?
- 1578- Phillip sent the Duke of Parma to defeat Dutch rebels.
- In 1584, their leader, William of orange was assassinated so the Dutch faced defeat, if that happened, Spanish armies would be free to threaten England. Elizabeth refuses to become queen of the Dutch, but sent an army to help them, Spain and England were now at war.
What were privateers?
Aka ‘sea dogs’
Name given to soldiers with privately owned shop commissioned for war services by the government.
When was the plan for the Spanish Armada first conceived?
1586
What event horrified Phillip, delaying his plans for the armada?
Drake’s attack on Cadiz- with the amassing of the Armada in Cadiz harbour nearing completion in the spring of 1587, Phillip was horrified to receive news that on 20th April Drake had launched an attack.
What were the events of Drake’s attack in Cadiz?
Drake had sailed a group of English war ships to the harbour at Cadiz and attacked the Spanish fleet. Drake claimed to have destroyed 37 ships and burnt important timber supplies.
Drakes attack on Cadiz was said to have…
‘Singed the king of Spain’s beard’ and delayed the armada for a year.
What were the flaws in Phillip’s armada plan?
- no harbours in the Netherlands
- hard to transport Parma’s army across the channel.
Why did Lord Howard decide to attack with fire ships on 7th August?
On 6th August armada anchored off Calais, the duke of Medina Sidonia now was now faced with a delay: he received news that the Duke of Parma would not be arriving for another week as they were delayed by Dutch attacks.
Howard decided to take advantage of this.
What happened in Calais and the attack by fire ships?
On the 7th of August eight on manned ships were filled with tar, gunpowder and loaded cannons. They were set alight an allowed to drift down wind towards the enemy ship anchored in Calais harbour. Seeing these “hellburners” fire ships sailing towards them, Spanish ships in panic cut their own anchors to escape destruction. They headed out to sea in all directions, thereby breaking her protective Crescent formation.
Which battle occurred in the 8th of August?
The Battle of Gravelines
Where did the Battle of Gravelines occur?
Dunkirk
