The Spanish Armada Flashcards

1
Q

When did Phillip II of Spain marry Mary Tudor?

A

1554

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Phillip do with his new power after marrying Mary?

A

He was determined to protect the catholic faith so he used his power to instruct the Spanish Inquisition to attack the growth of Protestantism across Europe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When did Phillip II become co-ruler of England with Mary?

A

July 1556 (Edward VI’s death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Phillip do when Mary died in 1558?

A

He did not wish to sever ties with England so he attempted to arrange a marriage with Elizabeth but she rejected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Elizabeth do in England to alarm Phillip?

A

She introduced her religious settlement and he hoped to find an opportunity to revert the country hack to the catholic faith. His eventual solution was an armada.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What were the brief reasons for the Spanish Armada? (8 points)

A
Marriage 
Civil war in France 
Phillip’s beliefs 
English sailors 
Spanish help for catholic plots 
Religious differences 
Dutch revolt 
Elizabeth and the Netherlands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How was marriage a reason for the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Phillip has been married to Mary

- Elizabeth’s rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How was civil war in France a reason for the Spanish Armada?

A
  • France was the traditional enemy of both England and Spain
  • In 1562, civil war broke out in France between the catholics and protestants meaning it was no longer a threat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How were Phillip’s beliefs a reason for the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Became king in 1555 and determined to control Protestant threat.
  • Disliked Elizabeth’s religious settlement.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How were English sailors a reason for the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Sir Francis Drake, knighted in 1581, stole from Spain

- Drake burned ships in Cadiz in 1587

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How was Spanish help for Catholic plots a reason for the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Phillip offered money and help (Spanish troops) to the plotters
  • Mary Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568 and Catholics planned to overthrow Elizabeth, although Phillip did not want Mary to become queen, he was willing to stir up some trouble.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How religious differences a reason for the Spanish Armada?

A
  • King Phillip was a strong Roman Catholic who wanted all Protestant countries to return Roman Catholic.
  • In 1559 Elizabeth broke away from Catholic Church and created a Protestant church.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How the Dutch revolt a reason for the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Protestants in the Netherlands began a revolt against the Spanish rule in 1572. Phillip sent a Spanish army to defeat them.
  • The Dutch asked Elizabeth for help, she knew that their revolt would keep Spain too busy to threaten England. She was careful not to help them too early but allowed Dutch refugees to settle in England and Dutch ships to use English parts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How was Elizabeth and the Netherlands a reason for the Spanish Armada?

A
  • 1578- Phillip sent the Duke of Parma to defeat Dutch rebels.
  • In 1584, their leader, William of orange was assassinated so the Dutch faced defeat, if that happened, Spanish armies would be free to threaten England. Elizabeth refuses to become queen of the Dutch, but sent an army to help them, Spain and England were now at war.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What were privateers?

A

Aka ‘sea dogs’

Name given to soldiers with privately owned shop commissioned for war services by the government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When was the plan for the Spanish Armada first conceived?

A

1586

17
Q

What event horrified Phillip, delaying his plans for the armada?

A

Drake’s attack on Cadiz- with the amassing of the Armada in Cadiz harbour nearing completion in the spring of 1587, Phillip was horrified to receive news that on 20th April Drake had launched an attack.

18
Q

What were the events of Drake’s attack in Cadiz?

A

Drake had sailed a group of English war ships to the harbour at Cadiz and attacked the Spanish fleet. Drake claimed to have destroyed 37 ships and burnt important timber supplies.

19
Q

Drakes attack on Cadiz was said to have…

A

‘Singed the king of Spain’s beard’ and delayed the armada for a year.

20
Q

What were the flaws in Phillip’s armada plan?

A
  • no harbours in the Netherlands

- hard to transport Parma’s army across the channel.

21
Q

Why did Lord Howard decide to attack with fire ships on 7th August?

A

On 6th August armada anchored off Calais, the duke of Medina Sidonia now was now faced with a delay: he received news that the Duke of Parma would not be arriving for another week as they were delayed by Dutch attacks.

Howard decided to take advantage of this.

22
Q

What happened in Calais and the attack by fire ships?

A

On the 7th of August eight on manned ships were filled with tar, gunpowder and loaded cannons. They were set alight an allowed to drift down wind towards the enemy ship anchored in Calais harbour. Seeing these “hellburners” fire ships sailing towards them, Spanish ships in panic cut their own anchors to escape destruction. They headed out to sea in all directions, thereby breaking her protective Crescent formation.

23
Q

Which battle occurred in the 8th of August?

A

The Battle of Gravelines

24
Q

Where did the Battle of Gravelines occur?

A

Dunkirk

25
Q

What happened at the Battle at Gravelines?

A

English warships attacked the scattered armada. After 8 hours of fighting, English ships started to run out and by 4pm they were forced to pull back.

26
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Gravelines?

A

At least three Spanish ships had been lost, but no English ships. About 1000 Spaniards have been killed and over 800 wounded, in contrast to the 50 English sailors would been killed.
The Spanish plan to join with palmers army had been defeated and the English gained some breathing space.

27
Q

What did Queen Elizabeth do on 9th August?

A

Elizabeth visited her troops at Tilbury and delivered a rousing speech.

28
Q

What were the reasons for the failure of the Armada?

A

Weather
English strengths
Spanish weaknesses
Tactics

29
Q

How did the weather cause the failure of the armada?

A
  • Spanish did not have maps for an alternative route.

- Spanish did not have food/water for this long a voyage.

30
Q

How did English strengths cause the failure of the armada?

A
  • Ships were smaller, faster and more manoeuvrable.

- They had heavier firepower, being fitted with long-range canons, allowing them to fire from a safe distance.

31
Q

How did the Spanish weaknesses cause the failure of the armada?

A
  • Ineffective canons
  • Failure of Duke of Parma to turn up on time
  • The Spanish commander, Duke of Medina Sidonia was not experienced compared to his English counterparts Drake and Hawkins.
32
Q

How did tactics cause the failure of the armada?

A
  • English found it hard to break the tightly packed crescent formation of the Spanish fleet.
  • Turing point was use of ‘fireships’.