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History- Elizabeth > The Problem Of Religion > Flashcards

The Problem Of Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

How long before Elizabeth’s reign had the country been Roman Catholic?

A

1000 and the 20 years prior to Elizabeth’s reign had witnessed 3 major changes to the official religion of the land.

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2
Q

What did Henry VIII do to religion in England?

A
  • He put an end to the Pope’s authority by making him head of the church
  • He did not change services but introduced an English bible
  • Kept many traditional Catholic practices in place
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3
Q

What did Edward VI do to religion?

A
  • Was heavily influenced by his advisors who were Protestant
  • Introduced a new Protestant prayer book and communion service
  • Required all church services to be conducted in English instead of Latin
  • Had all decorations in church torn down
  • Allowed priests to marry
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4
Q

What did Mary Tudor do to religion?

A
  • Pope as head of the church
  • Restored Latin mass, catholic doctrine and ritual
  • Separated Priests and their wives
  • Began to persecute Protestants, a policy that earned her the title ‘Bloody Mary’
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5
Q

What did Catholics think about communion and its rituals?

A

When the bread and wine was giving during mass, a miracle took place, with the priest having the power to turn them into actual blood and body.

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6
Q

What did catholics think about decoration in churches?

A

Churches should be highly decorated

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7
Q

What did catholics think about what priests should where?

A

Vestments

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8
Q

According to catholics, who was head of the church and who helped him run it?

A

The Pope and Cardinals, Bishops and archbishops helped him.

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9
Q

What did catholics think about Priests?

A

Catholics thought that only priests appointed by bishops could run the church and they should not marry.

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10
Q

What did the pope and many Catholics think about Elizabeth?

A

Elizabeth was illegitimate, the king of France supported this and believed Mary queen of Scots was the rightful ruler.

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11
Q

What did Protestants think about communion and its rituals?

A

The bread and wine given during holy communion remained bread and wine but were not actually the blood and body of Jesus.

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12
Q

Who did Protestants think should be the head of the church?

A

The monarch and Archbishops and bishops should help monarchs govern the church. Only clergy appointed by a bishop could hold church services, they were allowed to marry.

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13
Q

What did Protestants think church services should be conducted in?

A

Church services and bible should be in English which everyone could understand.

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14
Q

What were puritans?

A

Extreme Protestants.

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15
Q

What did Puritans think about communion and its rituals?

A

Bread and wine remained, Jesus was spiritually but not physically present during services.

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16
Q

Who did Puritans think should run church?

A

There should be no head of the church, church goers should elect committees to run their churches and ordinary people as well as church ministers were allowed to preach, they were allowed to marry.

17
Q

What did Puritans think churches and their services should be like?

A

Churches should have no decoration they thought spending on decoration was against Jesus. Church services should be very simple.

18
Q

What religious problems was Elizabeth facing?

A
  • Was a Protestant so could not restore authority of the Pope
  • Most powerful countries in England were catholic
  • Religious changes in the past caused rebellions
  • Needed a national church which most would accept
  • Wanted the country to be united and not punish people for their beliefs
  • Mary Queen of Scots was Catholic so may have support of Catholics
  • People were mainly Catholic, government mainly Protestant
19
Q

What did Elizabeth have to consider about Mary Queen of Scots when making her religious settlement?

A
  • Mary Queen of Scots and Francis II new Catholic rulers of France- Mary thought she was heir to English throne.
20
Q

What did Elizabeth have to consider about Phillip of Spain when making her religious settlement?

A
  • King Phillip of Spain was a devout Catholic and did not want to see France and Scotland gain influence over the English crown.
21
Q

What did Elizabeth have to consider about Scotland when making her religious settlement?

A

Scotland was ruled by Mary of Guise who was Catholic, but many Scottish nobles were Protestant and did not want to see a growth in Catholic power.

22
Q

What did Elizabeth have to consider about the Pope when making her religious settlement?

A

If the pope chose to excommunicate her, this would free her subjects from the bond to obey her end he could also call on other catholics to launch a religious crusade against England.

23
Q

What did Elizabeth have to consider inside her country when creating her religious settlement?

A
  • Majority of MPs in House of Commons were Protestant and in the House of Lords they were Catholic.
  • Marian exiles -> had fled abroad to avoid Mary Tudor’s persecution but now wished to return- influenced by Puritan ideas of John Calvin
24
Q

What were Elizabeth’s own religious beliefs?

A
  • Prayed in her own chapel every morning
  • Protestant
  • Believed the most important task was to unite her country and not to punish anyone for religious beliefs
25
Q

What was the ‘middle way’?

A

Elizabeth wanted to avoid the mistakes of her brother and sister, she wanted to create a church which displayed tolerance. By formulating her religious settlement, Elizabeth adopted a via media or ‘middle way’, creating a church which reflected both Protestant and Catholic practices and attitudes.

26
Q

What were the attitudes and practices of the ‘middle way’ like?

A
  • Declared Protestantism the official religion but refused to give way to extreme Protestant ideas.
  • New prayer book, English bible, simpler churches, priests allowed to marry.
  • Kept archbishops, bishops, cathedrals
  • Allowed churches to use crosses and candles and priests to wear vestments
  • Did not persecute Catholics but fined them for missing church.
27
Q

Why did it take so long for Elizabeth’s settlement to be passed?

A

Parliament met in Feb 1559 to discuss plans for new church- Elizabeth wanted MPs to approve quickly but it took 4 months of discussion (some puritan MPs thought the settlement did not go far enough to erase all aspects of Catholic faith).

28
Q

What acts made up the religious settlement?

A

The Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity (1559).

29
Q

What did the Act of Supremacy do?

A

Established Monarch’s authority over the church.

30
Q

What did the Act of Uniformity do?

A

Spelled out the church service to be followed.

31
Q

What did royal injunctions intend to do?

A

To provide a set of instructions to the clergy on a wide range of practice

32
Q

What were the aims of royal injunctions?

A
  • Observe and teach royal supremacy, denounce superstition and papal authority
  • Condemn catholics e.g. processions, pilgrimages and monuments, ban ‘fake’ miracles
  • Identify recusants and report them to local JPs or privy council
  • Fine recusants for missing church
  • Preach only with permission of bishops
  • Ensure each parish had copy of bible in English
  • Ensure Uniformity during church services
33
Q

Why were 125 commissioners appointed?

A

To ensure Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, and injunctions were enforced- they would tour the country, made the clergy take an oath of Supremacy.

34
Q

How many clergy either were sacked or resigned from 1559-1564?

A

Over 400, over 1/2 because they were Catholics.

35
Q

What did the Act of Exchange 1559 allow Elizabeth to do?

A

To take land and buildings belonging to church and force bishops to rent land to her. Church lost w considerable amount of wealth and was a further example of how the monarch could exercise Royal control over the church.

36
Q

What did Elizabeth think about the role of bishops (the Episcopacy)?

A

Elizabeth Favourite the use of bishops to administer the church and rejected the Geneva model of control set up by Calvin which were placed bishops with ministers elected by the congregation. Elizabeth thought that catholic bishops would remain in office but the refusal of the oath of supremacy made this impossible. However this gave Elizabeth the opportunity to appoint Protestants in their places one problem is that some of the new Bishops had Calvinist views.

37
Q

What were reactions at home to the religious settlement?

A

New Archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker, with a moderate Protestant and commanded respect.
Most of the clergy took an oath of loyalty in the church and only 250 out of 9000 piece refused to accept it.
The majority of devout Catholic bishops from Mary I’s reign resigned from their posts and were replaced by Protestants.
Reactions amongst the most Catholics and Protestants was muted.
The fines for recusancy were not strictly enforced.
Oppositions to parts of the settlement arose later.

38
Q

What were foreign reactions to the religious settlement?

A
  • France was drifting towards civil war so showed little interest in the settlement.
  • King Phillip II of Spain wanted to maintain friendship with Elizabeth and hoped that the settlement would not be permanent.
  • The Pope voiced little criticism and hoped that the changes could be overturned with time.

History- Elizabeth (7 decks)

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