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History- Elizabeth > The Catholic Threat > Flashcards

The Catholic Threat Flashcards

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1
Q

What factors helped Elizabeth develop a toleration for catholics at the beginning of her reign?

A
  • When she had tried to pass the religious settlement, there was a lot of opposition in the House of Lords from powerful Catholic nobles.
  • The fear of possible foreign intervention if she cracked down too harshly on catholics
  • The fear of rebellion from powerful Catholic nobles
  • Realisation that the majority of the population were still Catholic at heart.
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2
Q

Why did Elizabeth adopt a harsher policy towards catholics?

A

So,e catholics demonstrated reluctance to follow her religious settlement:
1588- Arrival of Mary Queen of Scots
1569- Rebellion of the northern earls
1570- The issue of a papal bull of excommunication against Elizabeth
1571- The Ridolfi plot
1574- The arrival of seminary priests in England from Douai in Flanders
1580- Arrival of first Jesuit Priests
1583- Throckmorton poly
1586- Babington plot
1588- Spanish Armada

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3
Q

What was a recusant?

A

One who rebelled against Elizabeth’s religious settlement by refusing to attend church services. They believed in the doctrine of the Roman Catholic faith and were not prepared to compromise.

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4
Q

What law about recusancy did Elizabeth pass in 1581?

A

She increased the fine for recusancy to £20 and made it a reasonable offence to try to convert someone to the Catholic faith.

This law was especially aimed at seminary priests n to be smuggled into England and Wales from northern France after 1574.

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5
Q

What did William Allen set up in 1568?

A

A college in Douai in Flanders to train English Catholics for priesthood.

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6
Q

What were priests taught in Douai in Flanders?

A

That it was their duty to return to England and re-establish the Catholic faith and, if necessary, to seek martyrdom from their cause.

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7
Q

What fuelled Elizabeth’s suspicions that Catholics could not be loyal to the crown?

A

The arrival of seminary Priests which coincided with the uncovering of several plots by prominent Catholics against Elizabeth.

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8
Q

What Act of parliament was passed in 1985?

A

438 seminary priests were sent to England causing the government to pass an act that ordered all such priests to leave the country or to be put to death and that anyone helping/ hiding a priest could be put to death.

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9
Q

What were Jesuits?

A

Seminary priests who were members of a catholic mission order known as ‘The society of Jesus’.

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10
Q

What was the main aim of Jesuits?

A

To destroy Protestantism, they swore an oath of allegiance to the pope and were prepared to die for their cause.

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11
Q

When did Jesuits start to arrive in England?

A

In 1580, spreading the message that true Catholics should not accept the Elizabethan church.

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12
Q

What Act was passed in 1593 to combat recusancy?

A

An act forebode large gatherings of Catholics and confined known Catholics to a radius of 5 miles from their homes.

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13
Q

What was Mary Queen of Scots’ childhood like?

A
  • Born in 1542, daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise
  • Father died when she was a few days old and she was crowned Queen of Scotland
  • In 1548 she was sent to France
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14
Q

When did Mary Queen of Scots return to Scotland?

A

1561

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15
Q

What Was Scotland like on Mary’s return?

A

It had become predominantly Protestant and in 1559 Scottish Protestant Lords rebelled against Mary of Guise’s government. When France prepared to send troops to defeat Scottish rebels, Elizabeth had been forced to conclude the Treaty of Berwick, promising to send an army to the North to help defeat the French. French withdrew and Scotland returned to the rule of the Protestant Lords and maintained friendship with Elizabeth.

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16
Q

Who did Mary marry in 1565?

A

Lord Darnley and they had James VI.

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17
Q

What was Mary and Lord Darnely’s marriage like?

A

It was not a happy one, Darnell was becoming suspicious that Mary was becoming friendly with her Italian secretary David Rizzio and on March 9th 1566, he and his friends murdered Rizzio.

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18
Q

What did Mary do when Darnley fell ill with smallpox?

A

Mary brought him to Kirk o’field where she nursed him.

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19
Q

What happened to Darnley on 9th February 1567?

A

Mary left Kirk o’field for a wedding and that night the house was blown up and Darnley’s body was found, strangled.

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20
Q

Who did Mary marry 3 months after Darnley’s demise?

A

The Earl of Bothwell

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21
Q

How did Protestant Lords react to Mary’s marriage to Bothwell?

A

They imprisoned her at loch leven castle and she was forced to abdicate in favour of her son who was Protestant.

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22
Q

When did Mary come to England and what did Elizabeth do?

A

1568 she escape loch leven and Elizabeth chose to hold her captive

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23
Q

What could have happened if Elizabeth decided to keep Mary in England?

A

English Catholics/ France/ Spain might try to free her.

24
Q

What could have happened if Elizabeth decided to allow Mary to go to France?

A

She might persuade countries to invade England.

25
Q

What could have happened if Elizabeth decided to acknowledge Mary as heir to English throne?

A

This would have been hated by English and Scottish Protestants.

26
Q

What could have happened if Elizabeth decided to help Mary regain her throne?

A

She would anger Scottish Protestants.

27
Q

What could have happened if Elizabeth decided to execute Mary?

A

English Catholics might rebel and France and Spain might attack her

28
Q

What could have happened if Elizabeth decided to send Mary back to Scotland?

A

Scots might execute her and Elizabeth would feel responsible.

29
Q

What caused the rebellion of the northern Earls?

A
  • Arrival of Mary gave Catholics hope
30
Q

What did Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland plan to do (rebellion of northern Earls)?

A

They planned to dispose of Elizabeth and marry Mary to Northumberland’s brother in law, Duke of Norfolk.

31
Q

Who discovered the plot of the Northern Earls?

A

Elizabeth’s spies and Norfolk was sent to the Tower, the other two Earls managed to avoid capture and started a rebellion

32
Q

What happened during the rebellion of the Northern Earls?

A
  • November 1569, force of 4600 men marched south from Durham to Bramham moor
  • Plans to Besiege York were abandoned amid the forces retreated north
  • The two Earls fled across the border to Scotland
33
Q

Why did the Rebellion of the Northern Earls fail?

A
  • Poor planning and leadership
  • Lack of foreign support
  • Popularity of Elizabeth
34
Q

What was the aftermath of the rebellion of the northern Earls?

A
  • Northumberland captured, tried for treason and beheaded.
  • Westmorland managed to escape to Flanders where he soon died in poverty.
  • Duke of Norfolk released from prison.
  • Over 800 rebels executed
35
Q

What did Pope Pius V issue in February 1570?

A

A papal bull, excommunicating Elizabeth. It called upon Catholics to remove Elizabeth from the throne and it released them from their oath of allegiance to the crown.

36
Q

How did parliament react to the Papal bull of excommunication?

A

It issued a new Treason Act in 1571

37
Q

What did the treason act do?

A
  • Made it treasonable to declare that Elizabeth was not the lawful queen
  • Made it treasonable to publish any papal bull
  • Confiscated the property of Catholics who had fled abroad and did not return within a year.
38
Q

Who organised the Ridolfi plot of 1971?

A

It was organised by Roberto Ridolfi, a florentine merchant and banker.
It involved Mary Queen of Scots, Duke of Norfolk, Phillip II of Spain, De Spes the Spanish ambassador and the Pope.

39
Q

What was the of the Ridolfi plan?

A

A plan for the Spanish army to land, helping the Catholics overthrow Elizabeth and put Mary on the thrown.

40
Q

Who discovered the Ridolfi plot?

A

Cecil and Walsingham

41
Q

What were the consequences of the Ridolfi plot?

A

Norfolk was sentenced death, Ridolfi and De spes were expelled from the country, Elizabeth refused to execute Mary.

42
Q

Who organised the Throckmorton plot?

A

An English catholic, Francis Throckmorton who organised a plot to overthrow Elizabeth.

43
Q

What was the plan of the Throckmorton plot?

A

For the French Catholic forces, baked by the Spanish and papal money to invade England and free Mary from captivity.

44
Q

In the plot what did Throckmorton act as?

A

The go-between contacting the various sides.

45
Q

What happened after the Throckmorton plot was discovered?

A

Throckmorton was arrested and Mary was moved to Tutbury castle in Straffordshire; she was banned from visiting any visitors and her mail was checked.

46
Q

How did John Summerville increase the Catholic threat?

A

In 1583, John Summerville, am English catholic attempted to assassinate Elizabeth with a pistol. He was sentenced to death but committed suicide in his cell before execution.

47
Q

How did the assassination of the William of orange increase the Catholic threat?

A

In 1584, William of Orange, leader of the Dutch Protestant was shot dead by a catholic assassin.

48
Q

What did the issuing of the Bond of Association mean?

A

Concerned for the queen’s safety, parliament issued the Bond of assassination which stated that if Elizabeth was murdered, parliament would make sure that the murderers were punished.

49
Q

Who set up in the Babington plot (1586)?

A

Anthony Babington, a young catholic nobleman was at the centre of the plot to overthrow Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne.

50
Q

How was the Babington plot discovered?

A

Letters written in code between Babington and Mary were intercepted by Walsingham’s spy network.

51
Q

What did Babington do in 1585?

A

Wrote to Mary outlining the plan.

52
Q

What did walsingham do to stop the Babington plot in August 1585?

A

Walsingham struck and Babington was arrested and confessed, him and 6 others were arrested in 1586.

53
Q

What happened to Mary Queen of Scots in 1586?

A

Mary was put in trial for treason. Mary was found guilty and sentenced to death but Elizabeth kept refusing to sign her death warrant until 1 Feb 1587, she was executed on 8th Feb 1587 at Fatheringhay.

54
Q

What impact did May’s death have on Scotland?

A

King James protested but said he blamed the privy council and took no further action.

55
Q

What impact did May’s death have on France?

A

Led strong protests.

King was worried about the threat of a civil war and so Spain kept on friendly terms with Elizabeth.

56
Q

What impact did May’s death have on Spain?

A

Phillip II was angry about the news of Mary’s execution but he never really wanted her to be queen of England. She would have been more friendly with France than Spain. Execution made no change to the king’s plan, was at war with England by 1587.

57
Q

What impact did May’s death have on English Catholics?

A

They caused no trouble and there were no more Catholic plots for the rest of Elizabeth’s reign.

History- Elizabeth (7 decks)

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