The Skull Flashcards
Which cranial bones of the skull are paired?
Partial and temporal
Which facial bones are paired?
Zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae
List some craniometric landmarks
Glabella, bregma, lambda, inion (at occipital protuberance), pterion (where meningeal artery goes up the skull to serve meninges)
What is the metopic structure?
Occurs when incomplete fusion of the frontal bone occurs
What does the frontal crest contain?
Attachment site for the falx cerebri which is a protective CT for the brain
Describe surgical access to the cranial cavity
Bone flaps The periosteum has poor osteogenic properties Bone wired or plated while healing Healing best when flap incorporates overlaying tissues (e.g. skin, muscle, fascia)*
What is the coronal suture?
Articulation between frontal and both parietal bones
What is the sagittal suture?
Articulation between both parietal bones
What is the lamboid suture?
Articulation between parietal and occipital bones
What is the squamous suture?
Articulation between temporal and parietal bones
CN VII and VIII enter into the ear through what structure?
Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone
What is the function of the petrous portion of the temporal bone?
Protects the inner ear
What is the foramen magnum of the occipital bone?
Passage way for brainstem and numerous arteries and nerves
When nodding “yes” the occipital condyles articulate with what?
Cervical vertebrae
What is the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?
Where the pituitary gland sits
The foramen rotundum is the exit point for which nerve?
Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V2)
The foramen ovale is the exit point for which nerve?
Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V3)
The foramen spinosum is the exit point for which structure?
Middle meningeal artery
Describe characteristics of the sphenoid bone
Unites the cranial and facial bones Articulates with almost every bone in the skull Contains the sphenoid sinuses
The crista Galli of the ethmoid bone is the attachment site for what?
Falx cerebri
The orbital plate of the ethmoid bone forms the medial wall of what structure?
The orbit
What is the superior portion of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
What is the ethmoidal labyrinth?
Contain superior and middle nasal conchae
What structures are in the superior part of the ethmoid bone?
Ethmoidal air surfaces Cribiform plate (olfactory nerve descends along lateral borders) Cribiform foramina (passageway for olfactory nerve branches)
What are the three cranial fossa?
Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa
Describe characteristics of the facial bones
Provide shape, contour, and individuality to the face Important structural component of the orbit and nasal cavities Anchor site for teeth of the upper and lower jaw
What does the orbital surface of the zygomatic bone form?
Lateral wall of the orbit
What forms the zygomatic arch?
Includes the zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone
The lacrimal wall is part of the medial wall of each what?
Orbit
The lacrimal groove is a passageway for what structure?
Nasolacrimal duct
The nasal bones are paired bones that form what?
The bridge of the nose
Which part of the vomer articulates with the sphenoid?
Ala of the vomer
What forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?
Vertical plate of the vomer
The orbital process of the palatine bone forms part of what?
The medial floor of the orbit
What does the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone form?
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
What does the horizontal plate of the palatine bone form?
Posterior portion of the hard palate
What does the palatine process of the maxilla form?
Posterior portion of hard palate
The incisive foramen of the maxilla separate?
Hard palate from anterior nasal spine
What holds the teeth of the upper jaw?
Alveolar process of maxilla
What is the largest paranasal sinus in the skull?
Maxillary sinus
What is a le fort I fracture?
Inferior portion of maxilla is broken off Alveolar process cracks off
What is a le fort II fracture?
The whole maxilla is broken off as well as palatine and lacrimal bones
What is a le fort III fracture?
Whole maxilla and part of zygomatic bone
Describe the inferior nasal conchae
Considered its own separate bone Superior and middle concha are part of the ethmoid bone
Which bones make up the orbit?
Maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid (medial wall) Frontal bone, sphenoid, zygomatic (lateral) Frontal and sphenoid (roof)
Which bones make up the nasal complex?
Nasal bone, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae, maxillary, sphenoid bone and palatine bone
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary Can become infected
What are the fontanelle of the fetal skull?
Anterior, sphenoid, mastoid and posterior fontanelles
