Dural Sinuses And Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer of the meninges is the strongest?

A

Dura mater

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2
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

Periosteal and meningeal layer

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3
Q

What is the periosteal layer of the dura mater?

A

More superficial layer

Attaches to the periosteum of the cranial bones

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4
Q

Describe the meningeal layer of the dura mater

A

Lies deep to the periosteal layer
Usually fused to the periosteal layer except in specific areas where the two layers separate to form large, blood-filled spaces called dural venous sinuses

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5
Q

Which mater lies immediately internal to the dura mater?

A

Arachnoid mater

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6
Q

What are arachnoid trabeculae?

A

Delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers that partially compose the arachnoid mater

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7
Q

Where is the subdural space?

A

Between the arachnoid and the overlying dura mater

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8
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space?

A

Immediately deep to the arachnoid

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9
Q

Which mater is the innermost of the cranial meninges?

A

Pia mater which is a thin layer of CT that tightly adheres to the brain and follows every contour of the brain surface

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10
Q

What is dural septa?

A

Extensions of the dura mater that are flat partitions (septa) going deep into the cranial cavity at 4 locations

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11
Q

What are the four membranous partitions that separate specific parts of the brain and provide additional stabilization and support to the entire brain?

A

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli and diaphragm sellae

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12
Q

What is located within the cranial dural septa?

A

Dural venous sinuses such as the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, the straight sinus, sigmoid sinus and transverse sinus

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13
Q

Which structures are located within the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery, pituitary gland, CN V1-3, CN IV (Trochlear), III (oculomotor) and VI (abducens)

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14
Q

Which structure within the cavernous sinus is the only one that sits freely within it and is not within the wall?

A

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

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15
Q

Which part of the internal carotid artery is within the cavernous sinus?

A

Cavernous part

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16
Q

What is a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

A blood clot within the cavernous sinus usually caused by an infection that spreads from the paranasal sinuses

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

High fever, periorbital edema and chemosis (conjunctival edema), CN palsies (most commonly CN VI with lateral gaze), decreased visual acuity

18
Q

How is a cavernous sinus thrombosis diagnosed?

A

CT or MRI scans

19
Q

What is the treatment for a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

IV abx, heparin (blood thinner), surgery

20
Q

What causes the spread of infection leading to a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Due to the anastomosis between the facial vein and superior opthalamic veins

21
Q

What do all dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

22
Q

The straight, superior and inferior sagittal sinuses are all found in the falx cerebri and converge at the what?

A

Confluence of sinuses

23
Q

The straight sinus is a continuation of what?

A

The great cerebal vein and inferior sagittal sinus

24
Q

From the confluence of sinuses, the transverse sinus continues bilaterally and curves into what?

A

The sigmoid sinus to meet the opening of the internal jugular vein

25
Q

What does the cavernous sinus drain?

A

The opthalamic veins and from blood returns to the IJV via the superior or inferior petrosal sinuses