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NE Exam 1 > The Pharynx > Flashcards

The Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superior constrictor?

A

Origin: pterygoid hamulus, potergyomandibular raphe, posterior aspect of mylohyoid line and lateral aspect of the tongue
Insertion: pharyngeal tubercle and raphe

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2
Q

What is the origin stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

styloid process of temporal bone

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3
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the middle constrictor?

A

Origin: stylohyoid ligament and greater/lesser horn of hyoid
Insertion: pharyngeal raphe

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the inferior constrictor?

A

Origin: oblique line, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
Insertion: pharyngeal raphe

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5
Q

Which structures are within the alimentary layer of cervical viscera?

A

Levator veli palatini, salpingopharyngeal fold, stylopharyngeus, tensor veli palatini, superior, inferior and middle pharyngeal constrictor, palatopharyngeus

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6
Q

What is a tonsillectomy?

A

Surgical removal of the palatine tonsils

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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Origin: scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, spine of sphenoid bone and cartilage of auditory tube
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis

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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the levator veli palatini?

A

Origin: cartilage of auditory tube and petrous part of the temporal bone
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis

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9
Q

What is the action of tensor veli palatini?

A

Tenses soft palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing the middle ear

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10
Q

What is the tensor veli palatini innervated by?

A

CN V3

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11
Q

What is the action of levator veli palatini?

A

Elevates the tensed palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube

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12
Q

What is levator veli palatini innervated by?

A

CN X (pharyngeal plexus)

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13
Q

Paralysis of either/both the levator and tensor veli palatini muscles leads to what?

A

Reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction

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14
Q

Which structures are within the pharynx?

A

Inferior vagal ganglion, facial nerve (CN VII), branches of CN X including pharyngeal and superior laryngeal, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), vagus nerve (CN X), sympathetic trunk and ascending pharyngeal artery

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15
Q

The pharyngeal plexus provides what?

A

Sensory innervation of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx from CN IX and CN X respectively

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16
Q

What innervates the nasopharynx above the pharyngotympanic tube and the torus tubarius?

A

CN V2

17
Q

Which stages of swallowing are voluntary?

A

Stage 1

18
Q

Which stages of swallowing are involuntary

A

Stages 2 and 3

19
Q

Describe stage 1 of swallowing

A

The bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed from the mouth into the oropharynx, mainly by movements of the muscles of the tongue and soft palate

20
Q

Describe stage 2 of swallowing

A

The soft palate is elevated, sealing off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
The pharynx widens and shortens to receive the bolus of food as the suprahyoid muscles and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract elevating the larynx

21
Q

Describe stage 3 of swallowing

A

Sequential contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictor muscles forces the food bolus inferiorly into the esophagus

22
Q

What is the action of the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles?

A

Constrict the pharyngeal wall

23
Q

What innervates the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles?

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (all)

Branches of recurrent laryngeal (middle and inferior)

24
Q

What is the action of the stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus muscles?

A

Elevate the pharynx and larynx

25
Q

What is the origin for the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis

26
Q

What is the origin of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

Cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube

27
Q

What is the common insertion for the palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus muscles?

A

Thyroid cartilage

Lateral pharynx and esophagus

28
Q

What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus M?

A

Glossppharyngeal N

29
Q

What innervates the salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus M?

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus N

NE Exam 1 (20 decks)

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