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NE Exam 1 > Scalp And Superficial Face > Flashcards

Scalp And Superficial Face Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A 
Integument (skin) 
Dense CT 
Aponeurosis 
Loose areolar CT 
Pericranium (periosteum) 
SCALP
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2
Q

Which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the face and scalp?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) and spinal nerves C2-3

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3
Q

Describe spinal nerves C2-3

A

Anterior rami of C2, C3 (greater auricular and lesser occipital nerve)
Posterior rami of C2 (greater occipital N)

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4
Q

What are the cutaneous nerves of the ophthalmic branch of CN V?

A

Supraorbital exiting via supraorbital foramen

supratrochlear exiting via supratrochlear foramen and infratrochlear nerves

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5
Q

What are the cute angus nerves of the maxillary branch of CN V?

A

Infraorbital which exits via Infraorbital foramen,

zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal N

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6
Q

What are the cutaneous nerves of the mandibular branch of CN V?

A

Mental which exits via mental Foramen

buccal, and auriculotemporal Ns

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7
Q

Which arteries provide blood supply to the scalp?

A

Posterior auricular, superficial temporal, occipital and supraorbital/supratrochlear arteries

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8
Q

Which arteries of the scalp are from the external carotid?

A

Posterior auricular and occipital arteries

Superficial temporal artery (from maxillary branch)

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9
Q

Which scalp arteries are from the ophthalmic artery (from internal carotid)?

A

Supraorbital/supratrochlear arteries

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10
Q

What is a superficial scalp injury?

A

Superficial to aponeurosis
Does not gap as aponeurosis holds edges of wound together
Bleeds profusely as CT of scalp tends to hold cut vessels open

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11
Q

What is a deep scalp injury?

A

Through the aponeurosis
Forms gaping wound because of pull of occipitofrontalis muscle (facial expression muscle)
Bleeds profusely as CT of scalp tends to hold cut vessels open

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12
Q

What are scalp infections?

A

Can spread into cranium via small emissary veins (anastomoses between intra and extracranial veins)

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13
Q

List characteristics of the facial nerve (CN VII)

A

Has both motor and sensory roots
Motor innervation to facial expression muscles
Sensory innervation of taste to anterior 2/3 tongue
Parasympathetics to lacrimal, nasal cavity, submandibular and sublingual glands

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14
Q

Describe a facial nerve injury

A

Damage due to surgery or infections causes Bell’s palsy

Muscle weakness/paralysis including inability to close eyelids - prone to cornea ulceration

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15
Q

Describe Botox injections (botulinum toxin)

A

Blocks neuromuscular transmission by inhibiting ACh release

Used to treat eye disorders, migraines, muscle spasms or used cosmetically

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16
Q

Which muscles does the trigeminal nerve provide somatic motor innervation to?

A

Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior digastric, and tensor tympani

17
Q

What is the herpes zoster virus?

A

Chickenpox virus (initial infection)
Lesions due to reactivation of the virus that can appear anywhere on the body (in a single or adjacent dermatomes)
Many produce lesions in cranial ganglia with most involving CN. V
Ophthalmic division commonly affected
-usual cornea involvement leads to painful corneal ulcerationp

18
Q

What are the three salivary gland?

A

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual

19
Q

What is the parotid gland?

A

Largest

Serous gland encapsulated by tough fascia

20
Q

What is the submandibular gland?

A

Located in submandibular triangle inferior to mandible

Mixed serous and mucous gland

21
Q

What is the sublingual gland?

A

Located within the oral cavity beneath the tongue

Mucous gland

22
Q

What is the parotid duct?

A

Runs over masseter muscle pierces buccinator and opens on surface of oral cavity near upper second molar

23
Q

What structures are found within the parotid gland?

A

Parotid duct, facial nerve, retromandibular vein, external carotid artery and auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3 sensory)

24
Q

Describe the course of the facial nerve in the parotid gland

A

Exits stylomastoid foramen and enters the gland after innervating the stylohyoid and posterior digastric muscle

25
Q

What are the arteries of the face and scalp?

A

Facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, transverse facial, Infraorbital, supraorbital and supratrochlear, mental artery

26
Q

Describe the facial artery

A

Branch off the external carotid artery

Gives rise to labial and angular arteries

27
Q

Describe the occipital artery

A

Branch off external carotid artery

Supplies posterior scalp

28
Q

Describe the posterior auricular artery

A

Branch off external carotid artery

29
Q

Describe the superficial temporal artery

A

A terminal branch of the external carotid artery

30
Q

Describe the transverse facial artery

A

Branch off the superficial temporal artery

31
Q

Describe the Infraorbital artery

A

Branch off the maxillary artery

32
Q

Describe the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries

A

Branches off opthalamic artery

33
Q

Describe the mental artery

A

Terminal branch of inferior alveolar artery

34
Q

What does the facial vein empty into?

A

Internal jugular vein but has other anastomoses

35
Q

The superficial temporal veins join the maxillary vein to form what vein?

A

Retromandibular

36
Q

The retromandibular vein joins with the posterior auricular vein to make what?

A

External jugular vein

37
Q

What structure causes a potential spread of exterior infections into the cranium?

A

Anastomoses between supratrochlear, supraorbital, angular vein of facial vein with intracranial veins

38
Q

What are the superficial cervical LNs?

A

Submental, submandibular, parotid, mastoid and occipital LNs

39
Q

What are the inferior deep cervical LNs?

A

Jugulo-digastric and jugulo-omohyoid LNs

NE Exam 1 (20 decks)

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