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Forensic anthropology > The skull > Flashcards

The skull Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of 22 separate bones not including ossicles and extra sutral bones, 8 skull bones are paired and 6 are unpaired

A

Adult skull

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2
Q

Skull without mandible, fuses with sutral lines later in life

A

Cranium

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3
Q

Cranium without face

A

Calvaria

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4
Q

Calvaria without base

A

Calotte

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5
Q

Facial skeleton

A

Splanchocranium

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6
Q

Encompasses forehead and upper part of eye sockets

A

Frontal bone

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7
Q

Attachment point of the temporalis muscle in the frontal bone, stretches posteriorly

A

Temporal lines

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8
Q

Brow ridges in frontal bone

A

Superciliary arches

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9
Q

Sinus cavities in frontal bone, can be used to identify individuals. Middle inferior view

A

Frontal sinuses

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10
Q

Pair of bones (left and right) of your vault. Superior, frayed edges

A

Parietal bones

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11
Q

Accommodate the meningeal arteries of parietal bones. Inferior grooves

A

Meningeal grooves

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12
Q

Contains opening for ear canal, part of cheekbone, soft temples superior and anterior

A

Temporal bone

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13
Q

Thin, plate like projection of bone. Flat superior surface above zygomatic process in temporal bone

A

Squamous

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14
Q

External opening of ear canal in temporal bone

A

External auditory meatus

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15
Q

Thin projection of bone in temporal bone, forms posterior part of cheek bone

A

Zygomatic process

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16
Q

Thick projection of bone on antero-inferior surface of temporal bone. attaches to neck muscles, posterior to external auditory meatus

A

Mastoid process

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17
Q

Thin, pointed projection of temporal bone. Anchor point for the stylohyoid ligament. Inferior, posterior to external auditory meatus

A

Styloid process

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18
Q

Back of skull, massive hole at bottom

A

Occipital bone

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19
Q

Large hole in the occipital bone through which the brain stem passes

A

Foramen magnum

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20
Q

Large plate of bone in occipital bone that faces posteriorly, superior to foramen magnum

A

Squamous

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21
Q

Rugged surface on posterior surface of occipital bone

A

Nuchal crest

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22
Q

Oval surface on either side of foramen magnum, articulates with atlas. Occipital

A

Occipital condyle

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23
Q

Two, forms most of face and nasal aperture. Holds upper dentition

A

Maxillae

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24
Q

Two, left and right. Mouth and nasal cavity

A

Palatine bones

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25
Q

Vertical bone that runs down the nasal aperture, thin and blade like

A

Vomer

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26
Q

Left and right in nasal opening

A

Inferior nasal conchae

27
Q

Partially eye orbit, back of nasal aperture

A

Ethmoid bone

28
Q

Tear duct bones, compose part of eye orbit

A

Lacrimal

29
Q

Left and right, make up bridge of nose

A

Nasals

30
Q

Left and right, part of cheekbone and eye orbit

A

Zygomatics

31
Q

Looks like a butterfly/ink blob, sits at center of skull. Visible inferiorly and laterally, anterior to temporal bone

A

Sphenoid

32
Q

Point of union between occipital and sphenoid bones, potential age indicator. Gap in youth and obliterated in adulthood

A

Spheno-occipital synchondrosis

33
Q

Only bone of head that doesn’t fuse, articulates. Makes up the lower jaw

A

Mandible

34
Q

Thick bony part of mandible that anchors teeth, inferior

A

Body/ramus

35
Q

Openings on lateral body of mandible, blood vessels pass through here and cause us to get flushed

A

Mental foramen

36
Q

Anterior region of mandible between incisors, point of union between the halves. Fuse later in life

A

Mandibular symphysis

37
Q

Chin in mandible, we are the only species to have this

A

Mental eminence

38
Q

Smooth point of articulation with temporal bone

A

Mandibular condyles

39
Q

Study of dentition. Teeth are more resistant to physical and chemical alteration. Most represented part of the body in forensic and archaeological contexts. Yield info about age, sex, health, diet, origin and evolutionary relationships of individuals

A

Odontology

40
Q

Teeth that erupt and are shed during childhood

A

Deciduous teeth

41
Q

Secondary adult teeth

A

Primary

42
Q

Flat blade like teeth, two on each side of each jaw

A

Incisors

43
Q

Sharp teeth, one per each side of each jaw

A

Canines

44
Q

Two sharp cusps, two per each side of each jaw

A

Premolars

45
Q

Bigger, three per each side of each jaw

A

Molars

46
Q

Upper and lower dentition divided into right and left halves (R and L). Letter for type of tooth (I, C, P, M). Number superscript from center if upper, subscript from center if bottom

A

Numbering teeth

47
Q

Toward the midline of the dental arch, anterior portion of molars and premolars and medial surfaces of incisors and canines (incisors ___ to molars)

A

Mesial

48
Q

Opposite of Mesial, toward the back of the mouth (molars ___ from incisors)

A

Distal

49
Q

Surface of teeth that face the tongue

A

Lingual

50
Q

Surface of teeth toward the lips, used with incisors and canines

A

Labial

51
Q

Surface of teeth towards the cheeks, used with premolars and molars

A

Buccal

52
Q

Surface of tooth in contact with another tooth in the same jaw

A

Interproximal

53
Q

Surface of tooth you chew on, meets up with teeth of other jaw

A

Occlusal

54
Q

Hard brittle outer surface of tooth, 97% mineralized once formed

A

Enamel

55
Q

Part of tooth covered by enamel

A

Crown

56
Q

Calcified connective tissue, the living core of the tooth that protects the pulp cavity

A

Dentine

57
Q

Expanded part of pulp cavity that houses pulp

A

Pulp chamber

58
Q

Soft tissue filled with nerves and blood

A

Pulp

59
Q

Constricted part of tooth where crown meets root

A

Neck

60
Q

Occlusal projection of the crown. Molars have five, premolars have two

A

Cusp

61
Q

Cleft on the occlusal surface between cusps

A

Fissure

62
Q

Narrow end of the pulp cavity at the root end of tooth

A

Root canal

63
Q

End of tooth, incisors and canines have one, premolars can have two, molars more

A

Apex

Forensic anthropology (7 decks)

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