The skeletal system - bones Flashcards
What are bones
Specialised connective tissues consisting of living cells and a matrix, which consists of water, extracellular fibres and inorganic salts.
How many bones are in the body
206
What are the 6 functions of bones
Stability and support of entire body.
Protect internal tissues and organs.
Provide a surface for the attachment of muscles and ligaments.
Permit movement of the body by forming joints.
Contain bone marrow.
Store and provide a reservoir of mineral salts.
What are the five different types of bone
Long bones (humerus)
Short bones (wrist bone)
Flat bones (sternum)
Irregular bones (vertebra)
Sesamoid bone (patella)
What are some examples of long bones
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Humerus
Radius
Where are short bones found?
Where limited movement is required, such as wrists and ankles.
What do flat bones provide protection for?
Soft tissues
What are some examples of flat bones?
Cranial bones, sternum and ribs
What are some examples of irregular bones?
Vertebrae, mandible and hip bones.
What is the function of irregular bones?
Protect deeper organs or tissues
What is an example of a sesamoid bone
Patella or kneecap.
What is the tubular centra shaft in long bones called.
Diaphysis and have expended ends called epiphysis.
What is the diaphysis and what dopes it surround?
Hollow cylinder surround the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow bone marrow (mostly fat)
What is the epiphysis (end of the long bone centra shaft(diaphysis)) covered by ?
Cartilage
What is metaphysis
The area in a mature bone where the epiphysis joins the diaphysis.
What its the outer surface of a bone covered by
Periosteum, which plays a role in the growth and repair of bones.
What is the inner surface of the bone called?
Endosteum; it is active during the growth of the bone.
What are the two types of bone tissue
Compact bone tissue
Spongy bone tissue
What is compact bone tissue
Forms outer layer of all bones
Organised into many cylindrical units called osteons.
What is spongy bone tissue
Light and porous.
Found in the end of long bones, ribs, hips, etc.
Not composed of osteons,
Composed of bones called trabeculae.
What 2 parts are the human skeleton divided into?
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
What is the axial skeleton
Consists of 80 bones of the head and trunk of the body.
Included the spine, hyoid bone, chest and spine.
What is the appendicular skeleton.
Consists of 126 bones of the upper (shoulder, arms, wrists) and lower extremities (legs, ankles feet).
What 2 sets of bones is the skull composed of.
Cranial bones (8 bones)
Facial bones (14 bones)
What 5 regions is the spine separated into?
The Cervical Spine - 7 vertebrae
The Thoracic region - 12 vertebrae
The Lumbar region - 5 vertebrae
The Sacral region - one bone
The Coccygeal region - one bone
How many vertebrae are there in the spine?
26
