The Skeletal System

Question 1

Osteon

Answer 1

Functional unit of COMPACT bone

Question 2

Osteocyte

Answer 2

Help regulate the balance of new bone formation and old bone degeneration, regulates calcium balance

Question 3

Osteoblast

Answer 3

Build new bone, form new bones and add growth to existing bone tissue

Question 4

Osteoclast

Answer 4

Collapse bone, dissolve old and damaged bone tissue so it can be replaced by new healthier cells created by osteoblasts

Question 5

Lamellae

Answer 5

The ECM (extracellular matrix) around bone cells that gives compact bone its hardness and rigidity

Question 6

Lacunae

Answer 6

Gaps or open spaces that house bone cells

Question 7

5 Categories of Bone

Answer 7

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid (round)

Question 8

Long Bone

Answer 8

Cylindrical shape, longer than it is wide, found in arms, legs, fingers and toes, function as levers and move when muscles contract

Question 9

Short Bone

Answer 9

cube-like shape, found in carpals (wrist) and tarsals (ankle), provide stability, support and limited motion

Question 10

Flat Bone

Answer 10

Thin, could be curved, serve as points of attachment for muscles and protect internal organs, Examples: skull, ribs, sternum (chest bone) and scapulae (shoulder blade)

Question 11

Irregular Bone

Answer 11

Not easily characterized by shape, does not fit into other categories, Examples: vertebrae and facial bones

Question 12

Sesamoid (round) Bone

Answer 12

a small round bone (shaped like a sesame seed) form in tendons and protect them from compressive forces, vary in number and placement from person to person, found in tendons associated with feet, hands, and knees

Question 13

Spongy Bone

Answer 13

Porous bone, found in the end of long bones, honeycomb shape

Question 14

Trabeculae

Answer 14

Small, needle like projections of bone that comprise spongy bone

Question 15

Compact Bone

Answer 15

The dense, hard outer layer of bone, provides strength and protection

Question 16

Periosteum

Answer 16

Outermost layer of bone, contains nerves and blood vessels, provides oxygenated blood to bone and allows for feeling within the bone

Question 17

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 17

Stores fat and stem cells that preserve fat for energy production, develop bone, cartilage, muscles and fat cells, located within bone

Question 18

Red Bond Marrow

Answer 18

Generates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, located within bone

Question 19

Bone Marrow

Answer 19

Soft fatty tissue inside bone cavities, forms platelets, red and white blood cells, in the center of most bones and in the ends of spongy bones

Question 20

Axial Skeleton

Answer 20

Bones that form the body’s central axis, examples: head, neck, chest, back

Question 21

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 21

Bones that attach (append) to your axial skeleton, examples: pelvis and limbs (arms, hands, feet, legs)

Question 22

Facial bones

Answer 22

Underlie the facial structure, form nasal cavity and enclose the eyeballs, support teeth of upper and lower jaw

Question 23

Brain case

Answer 23

The part of the skull that surrounds and protects the brain and houses ear structures

Question 24

Cranium (skull)

Answer 24

Composed of 22 bones including facial bones and brain case, supports the face and protects the brain