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Anatomy & Kinesiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost protective layer of the skin
Composed of keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhan’s cells
Thin layer, 0.1-1.5 mm thick

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2
Q

Dermis

A

Located beneath epidermis
Contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles
Thicker layer, 1-4 mm thick

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3
Q

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

A

Deepest layer
Consists of loose connective tissue, fat cells and larger blood vessels
Thickest layer but varies in thickness to provide cushioning and energy storage

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4
Q

keratinocytes

A

Cells that produce keratin
Found in epidermis

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5
Q

melanocyte

A

Cells that produce melanin
Found in epidermis

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6
Q

Collagen

A

Most abundant protein in the body
Primary building block of skin, muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments and other connective tissues

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7
Q

Elastin

A

Stretchy protein that is responsible for the elasticity of tissues and organs

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8
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Organs in the skin that produce sebum, an oily substance that lubricates and protects the skin

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9
Q

Eccrine Sweat Glands

A

Glands that open directly onto the skin’s surface
Located all over the body

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10
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands

A

Glands that open into a hair follicle
Located in armpits and groin

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11
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Outermost layer of skin
Contains dead skill cells that protect the skin from UV radiation, heat, pathogens and abrasions (scrapes)

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12
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Second outermost layer of skin
Provide extra protection for palms of hands and soles of feet

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13
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Middle layer of skin
Forms the waterproof barrier and prevents fluid loss from the body

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14
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Second innermost layer of skin
Made of several layers of skin held together by desmosomes (sticky proteins that look like spines)

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15
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Most inner layer of epidermis
One cell thick

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16
Q

Hair

A

Made of keratin
Provides protection for skin, increases sensory function and assists in temperature regulation

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17
Q

Arrector Pili

A

Tiny muscles within hair follicles that pull on the hair causing it to stand up or erect

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18
Q

Nails

A

Made of Keratin
Provides protection for the sensitive tips of the fingers and toes

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19
Q

Hair Follicle

A

Produces and supports hair growth and anchors it to the skin
Located in the dermis

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20
Q

Hair Proper

A

Hair shaft that is visible beyond the skin, provides protection and sensory functions

21
Q

Stratified Keratinocytes

A

Form the primary layer of epidermis
Produce keratin and aid in formation of protective barrier

22
Q

Dermal Papilla/Ridges

A

Small extensions of dermis that increase surface area and contribute to the formation of fingerprints

23
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Detect light touch and vibration
Located in the dermis mainly on the fingertips and lips

24
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

Detect deep pressure and vibrations
Located deep in the dermis

25
Q

Merkel’s Discs

A

Detect pressure and temperature
Located in the epidermis

26
Q

Nociceptors

A

Pain receptors that detect tissue damage and send pain signals to the brain

26
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Detect changes in temperature and help regulate body temperature

27
Q

Afferent Nerve

A

Carry sensory information AWAY from the body TOWARD the brain

28
Q

Coiled Gland of Sudoriferous (Sweat) Gland

A

Produces sweat to regulate body temperature

29
Q

Duct of Sudoriferous (Sweat) Gland

A

Transports sweat from gland to the surface of the skin

30
Q

Dermal Arterioles

A

Regulate blood flow and contribute to temperature control
Small blood vessels in the dermis

31
Q

Dermal Venules

A

Small veins in the dermis that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

32
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Secretes sebum (oily substance) into hair follicles
provides protective barrier and prevents dryness

33
Q

Sebum

A

An oily substance released from sebaceous glands that lubricates skin and hair

34
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

Tiny muscle attached to hair follicle that causes hair to stand upright
Creates goosebumps and aids with thermal regulation

35
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Stores energy in the form of fat provides insulation and cushioning
Found in subcutaneous layer

36
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Provides the stem cells that make up the layers of the epidermis
Deepest layer of epidermis
Contains keratinocyte stem cells and melanocytes

37
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Responsible for making skin flexible and strong
Located between stratum basale and stratum grandulosum
Contains keratinocytes and Langerhans cells

38
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Forms the cell envelope of of cells in the stratum corneum and help form waterproof barrier that prevents fluid loss from the body
Granules within kerotinocytes are visible in this layer
Located between stratum spinosum and stratum lucidum

39
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Reduce friction between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
Only seen in thicker regions of skin such as the palms hands or soles of feet

40
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Most superficial layer of epidermis that sheds as new keratinocytes are made
Keratinocytes become corneocytes in this layer

41
Q

Corneocytes

A

Strong, dead keratinocytes that protect the skin from harm/damage.

42
Q

1st Degree Burn

A

Pain with tissue damage in the epidermis

43
Q

2nd Degree Burn

A

Pain with tissue damage in epidermis and part of the dermis, nerves and blood vessels are intact

44
Q

3rd Degree Burn

A

Numb or no pain, tissue damage in all three layers, blood vessels and nerves are destroyed, skin is white or blackened/charred

45
Q

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

A

A non-allergic reaction of the skin when exposed to chemical or physical irritants that damage the protective layer of the skin

46
Q

Deep Cut

A

Affects all three layers of the skin, allows pathogens to enter body causing an infection

47
Q

Melanoma

A

Also known as skin cancer, uncontrolled division of cells
Usually presents as an abnormal mole on the body and is usually caused by spending excessive time outside

Anatomy & Kinesiology (6 decks)

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