Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Flashcards
Pulmonary circulation
blood moves between the heart and lungs to exchange gases
Cardiovascular System
responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients and waster throughout the body, includes the heart and blood vessels
Systemic circulation
Blood moves between the heart and the rest of the body to deliver oxygen to tissues
Major Components of Blood
Platelets
Red blood cells
white blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
in the blood, help with clotting
Red Blood Cells
in the blood, contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen
White blood cells
in the blood, part of the immune system, fight infections
Plasma
the liquid portion of the blood that carries nutrients and hormones
Arteries
Carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Capillaries
Tiny vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occur
Respiratory system
responsible for brining in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body
Pathway of air
Air enters through the nose or mouth
Travels down the trachea
Branches into two bronchi leading to the lungs
In the lungs the air moved into the alveoli where gas exchange occurs
Alveoli
tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
Diaphragm
muscle that helps us breathe
Medulla Oblongata
part of the brainstem that controls heart rate and breathing rate to maintain homeostasis
Heart walls
Muscles that contract and relax to send blood through the body
Layers of the heart walls
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
Endocardium
inner layer of the heart wall
Myocardium
muscular inner layer of the heart wall
Epicardium
Protective sac that covers the heart
Atrium
top chambers of the heart, left and right
Ventricles
Bottom chambers of the heart, left and right
Right atrium
receive oxygen poor blood from the superior and inferior vena cava, pumps blood into the right ventricle
Right Ventricle
receives oxygen poor blood from the right atrium, pumps the oxygen poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery to reload the blood with oxygen
Heart Valves
Open and close to allow blood flow through and keep blood from moving in the wrong direction
Atrioventricular valves
AV valve open between the atria and ventricles
Tricuspid valve
the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Semilunar valves
valves that open when blood flows out of the ventricles
Aortic Valve
opens when blood flows out of the left ventricle to the aorta
Pulmonary Valve
opens when blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries
Capillary
connect your arteries to your veins, one cell thick, where gas exchange occurs
Heart sounds
produced by the closure of the heart valves, described as “lub-dub” sounds
S1
Lub, closure of the atrioventricular valves
S2
Dub, closure of the semilunar valves
Pulse
rhythmic throbbing of the arteries caused by expansion and contraction of the heart as it pumps blood. A way to measure heart rate, normal pulse rate 60-100 beats per minute
Iron
a mineral essential to the production of hemoglobin, found in red blood cells and helps carry oxygen to the tissues
Anemia
a condition where blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry sufficient oxygen to your body tissues
Iron deficiency anemia
a type of anemia due to insufficient iron leading to the production of less hemoglobin.
Pulse Oximetry
measures the oxygen level (oxygen saturation) of the blood using a probe placed on the finger
Probe
device that uses light to measure how much oxygen is in the blood
Blood Pressure
the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels, measured by systolic and diastolic pressure. normal = 120/80
Systolic Blood Pressure
the first number in blood pressure, the pressure pushing against your artery walls when the heart beats
Diastolic blood pressure
second number in blood pressure, the pressure your blood is pushing against your artery walls while the heart muscle rests between beats
Hypertension
high blood pressure
