Nervous System

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

The functional unit of the nervous system, a specialized cell that receives information and transmits it to other cells

Question 2

Dendrite

Answer 2

A branch-like structure that functions by receiving messages from other neurons and allow the transmission of messages to the cell body

Question 3

Soma

Answer 3

Cell body with a nucleus

Question 4

Myelin Sheath

Answer 4

insulate the axon to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 5

Axon

Answer 5

tube-like structure that carries an electrical impulse form the cell body to the axon terminals for passing the impulse to another neuron

Question 6

Axon Terminal

Answer 6

a bulb like structure on the end of neurons that releases neurotransmitters to transmit signals to other cells

Question 7

Neuroglia

Answer 7

non-neuronal cells that support and protect the neurons, facilitates the functioning of the communications network

Question 8

Node of Ranvier

Answer 8

electrical signals occur at gaps in the myelin sheath which speeds the conduction of nerve impulses down the axon

Question 8

Neurotransmission

Answer 8

two or more neurons communicating with each other

Question 9

Synapse

Answer 9

allows a neuron to move an electrical or chemical signal from one neuron to another neuron

Question 10

PNS

Answer 10

peripheral nervous system, nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

CNS

Answer 11

central nervous system, includes the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Satellite Cells

Answer 12

provide structural and metabolic support to neurons

Question 13

Schwann Cell

Answer 13

insulate neurons with the myelin sheath in the PNS

Question 14

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 14

insulate multiple neurons with myelin sheath in the CNS

Question 15

Major Lobes of the Cerebrum

Answer 15

Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

Question 16

Cerebrum

Answer 16

wrinkly part of the brain that hold conscious thoughts, meaning, and language

Question 17

Cerebellum

Answer 17

also called the little brain, is responsible for coordinating movement, balance and posture

Question 18

Midbrain

Answer 18

controls some motor movements, vision, hearing and the sleep/wake cycle. Found deep to the cerebrum

Question 19

Brainstem

Answer 19

connects the brain to the spinal cord

Question 20

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 20

branch of the PNS that controls voluntary movement and sensory input

Question 21

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 21

branch of the PNS that controls involuntary movements and bodily functions such as breathing and digestion.

Question 22

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 22

responsible for fight, flight or freeze responses, increased heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate.

Question 23

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 23

Rest and digest response, relaxes the body after stressful or dangerous situations, increases digestion, slows heart rate and slows breathing.