The Skeletal System

Question 1

What is Osteology?

Answer 1

The study of bones

Question 2

Structure of bones

Bone is composed of how much mineral matter and how much organic matter?

Answer 2

Mineral Matter-Two:thirds

Organic Matter-One:third

Question 3

What are the different bone shapes?

Answer 3

*Long
*Short
*Flat
*Sesamoid
*Irregular bones

Question 4

Bone shapes

Long bone location

Answer 4

Arms & legs

Question 5

Bone shapes

Short bone location

Answer 5

Areas like the wrist or elbow

Question 6

Bone shapes

Flat bone location

Answer 6

Skull, scapula, and sternum

Question 7

Bone shapes

Sesamoid bone location

(small round bones imbedded in tendons)

Answer 7

Most common in the tendons of the hands, knees and feet

Question 8

Bone shapes

Irregular bones

Answer 8

Vertebrae, pelvis

Question 9

What are the different functions of the bones?

Answer 9

*Shape and support
*Protection
*Framework for muscle attachment
*Blood cell and platelet formation
*Mineral and fat storage

Question 10

Function of the bones

Shape and support description

Answer 10

Size and organization of the bones dictate the shape of our body.

Example-Longer bones mean taller people

Question 11

Function of the bones

Protection description

Answer 11

Bones that are around vital, fragile organs serve to protect them from trauma.

Example-The rib cage protects the heart and lungs

Question 12

Function of the bones

Framework for muscle attachment description

Answer 12

Muscles attach to the bones, which allows movement of the largest bones of your limbs and the tiniest bones of the fingers and toes

Question 13

Function of the bones

Blood cell and platelet formation description

Answer 13

Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets-All are life-critical

Question 14

Function of the bones

Mineral and fat storage

Answer 14

Calcium and phosphorus are stored in bone. Our body can access them when necessary.

Example- In pregnancy, calcium from the bones is used to support the needs of pregnancy.

Yellow bone marrow stores fat

Question 15

How many bones in the body?

Answer 15

206

Question 16

The skull

What does the skull do?

Answer 16

Skeleton of the head. Protects our brain.

Cranium has 8 bones
Facial skeleton has 14 bones

Question 17

Cranium

Of the eight bones that create the cranium only 6 bones are affected by scalp massage. The other two form the eye sockets

Question 18

1 Frontal description

Cranium

Answer 18

Extends from the top of the eyes to the top of the head to form the forehead

Question 19

2,3 Parietal description

Cranium

Answer 19

2 bones that form the crown and upper sides of the head

Question 20

4 Occipital description

Cranium

Answer 20

Forms the back of the skull, indenting above the nape area

Question 21

5,6 Temporal description

Cranium

Answer 21

2 bones located on either side of the head. Above the ears and below the parietal bones

Question 22

Cranium

Sphenoid is located behind the eyes and nose and connects all of the bones of the cranium

Question 23

Cranium

Ethmoid is spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity

Question 24

1 Mandible description

Facial skeleton

Answer 24

Lower jaw

Its the largest and strongest

Question 25

Facial skeleton #2,3 Maxillae description

Answer 25

2 bones of the upper jaw

Question 26

Facial skeleton #4,5 Nasal description

Answer 26

2 bones which join to form the bridge of the eye socket

Question 27

Facial skeleton #6,7 Zygomatic or Malar description

Answer 27

2 bones that form the upper cheek and the bottom of the eye socket. Most fragile

Question 28

Facial skeleton #8,9 Lacrimal description

Answer 28

Smallest 2 bones of the facial skeleton. Forms the front part of the inner bottom wall of the eye socket

Question 29

Neck bones #1-7 Cervical Vertebrae description

Answer 29

7 bones that form the top part of the spinal column. Often lightly massaged during a facial treatment

Question 30

Neck bones #8 Hyoid description

Answer 30

u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue. Supports the muscles of the tongue

Question 31

Back, Chest, and Shoulder bones #1 Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 31

12 vertebrae in the chest region that form the central region of the spine

Question 32

Back, Chest and Shoulder bones #2 Sternum

Answer 32

Breastbone, long, narrow, flat plate that forms the center of the front of the chest

Question 33

Back, Chest and Shoulder bones #3-14 Ribs

Answer 33

24 (12 pairs) curved bones which form the rib cage of the upper body

Question 34

Back, Chest and Shoulder bones #15 Clavicle

Answer 34

Collarbone. Two long flat bones which go across the front of the shoulder to link the sternum to the humerus

Question 35

Back, Chest and Shoulder bones #16 Scapula

Answer 35

Shoulder blade. Large, flat bone extending upward from the middle of the back, on the right and left side, to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle

Question 36

Arm, Wrist and Hand bones #1 Humerus

Answer 36

Largest bone of the upper arm. Extends from the elbow to the shoulder

Question 37

Arm, Wrist and Hand bones #2 Radius

Answer 37

Small, long bone on the thumb side of the lower arm or forearm

Question 38

Arm, Wrist and Hand bones #3 Ulna

Answer 38

Small, long bone on the little finger side of the lower arm

Question 39

Arm, Wrist and Hand bones #4 Carpals

Answer 39

8 small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus

Question 40

Arm, Wrist and Hand bones #5 Metacarpals

Answer 40

5 long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand

Question 41

Arm, Wrist and Hand bones #6 Phalanges

Answer 41

14 bones that form the digits of fingers. Each finger has 3 phalanges, while the thumb has only 2

Question 42

Leg, Ankle and Foot bones #1 Femur

Answer 42

Thighbone. Longest bone in the body

Question 43

Leg, Ankle and Foot bones #2 Patella

Answer 43

Kneecap. sits over the front of the knee joint

Question 44

Leg, Ankle and Foot bones #3 Tibia

Answer 44

Shinbone. inner and larger of the 2 lower leg bones. Extending from the knee to the ankle

Question 45

Leg, Ankle and Foot bones #4 Fibula

Answer 45

Outer and narrower of the 2 lower leg bones. Extending from the knee to the ankle

Question 46

Leg, Ankle and Foot bones #5 Talus

Answer 46

Ankle bone. Sits above the heel bone and forms the lower part of the ankle, talus, tibia and fibula form the ankle joint

Question 47

Leg, Ankle and Foot bones #6 Tarsals

Answer 47

7 bones that make up the mid-foot and rear foot. Including the talus, calcaneus (heel), navicular, 3 cuneiform bones, and cuboid

Question 48

Leg, Ankle and Foot bones 7 Metatarsals

Answer 48

5 long, slender bones (1 for each digit) that connects the phalanges to the tarsals

Question 49

Leg, Ankle and Foot bones #8 Phalanges

Answer 49

14 bones that form the digits. 2 phalanges in the big toe and 2 in the four other toes.

Question 50

What is a bunion?

Answer 50

A boney bump that develops on the big toe joint. Fluid collects around the joint. Repeated pressure on the side of the big toe (metatarsals) Poorly fitted shoes cause bunions.