The Skeletal System 🩻💀

Question 1

How many categories of bone are there in the body?
What are they and what is their purpose?

Answer 1

There are 4 categories
1. Long bones. They’re responsible for different types of movement. Sporting actions are created through levers.
2. Flat bones. Provide protection for delicate areas and provide a broad surface area for muscle attachment.
3. Short bones. Light, small and very strong in order to support the weight of the body.
4. Irregular bones. Specially shapes to perform particular functions, protection and muscle attachment.

Question 2

Say all the bones and point to where they can be found

Answer 2

Cranium - Head
Humerus - Upper arm
Radius - Lower arm (on top of the ulna)
Metacarpals - Hands
Phalanges - Fingers
Carpals - Hands
Ulna - Lower arm (Below ulna / U for under)
Ribs
Pelvis
Patella - Knee
Tarsals - Feet
Metatarsals - Feet
Phalanges - Feet
Fibula - Lower Leg
Tibia - Lower leg
Femur - Upper leg
Vertebrae - Back
Sternum - Middle of chest
Clavicle - Under the neck/close to shoulder
Scapula - Back/shoulder blades

Question 3

What are the functions of the skeleton (Bones Make Moving Joints Possible) and explain?

Answer 3

1. Blood Production - Long bones contain red bone marrow which produce red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
2. Muscle Attachment - Bones provide a surface for muscles to attach via tendons which allows muscle movement.
3. Mineral Storage - Minerals are essential for the maintenance of good health and the prevention of a number of diseases.
4. Joints for movement - A joint is where two bones meet and movement takes place.
5. Protection - Bones can protect body parts from impact and injuries.

Question 4

What do joints do?

Answer 4

Joints provide the body with a huge range of movement.

Question 5

How many types of joints are there?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

What is a Ball and Socket Joint?

Answer 6

Rounded end of a bone fits inside a cup-shaped end. This allows movement in all directions. Examples: Shoulder and Hips

Question 7

What is a Hinge Joint?

Answer 7

These joints are extremely powerful. They allow forward and backward movement. Examples: Knee and Elbow

Question 8

What is a Pivot Joint?

Answer 8

They allow only rotation. Example: Neck

Question 9

What is a Condyloid Joint?

Answer 9

Allows small circular movements. Examples: Carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals

Question 10

What is flexion?

Answer 10

Decreasing the angle at a joint. (Bending the joint)

Question 11

What is extension?

Answer 11

Increasing the angle at a joint. (Straightening the joint)

Question 12

What is adduction?

Answer 12

Sideways moving limb towards the midline of the body

Question 13

What is abduction?

Answer 13

Sideways moving limb away from the midline of the body

Question 14

What is circumduction?

Answer 14

The joint moves in a circular motion. In the shape of a cone, allowing 360 degree movement.

Question 15

What is rotation?

Answer 15

Pivoting a bone around its axis

Question 16

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 16

The action of pulling toes down and away from the body.

Question 17

What is dorsi-flexion?

Answer 17

The action of pulling toes up towards the body