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PE > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of long bones?

A
  • Aid movement by acting as a lever

- E.g. femur works as a lever to increase pace of ball when kicked in football

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2
Q

What is the function of short bones?

A
  • Weight bearing and provide support

- E.g. supporting body weight during a handstand

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3
Q

What is the function of flat bones?

A
  • Provide protection and a broad surface for muscle attachment
  • E.g. the cranium protects the brain if hit by a cricket ball
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4
Q

What is the function of irregular bones?

A
  • Provide protection and a place for muscle attachment

- E.g. muscles attached to the vertebrae allow a hockey play to bend their back to dribble the ball

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5
Q

What is the function of a sesamoid bone?

A
  • Short or irregular bones embedded in a tendon to protect from wear and tear
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6
Q

What type of bone is the cranium?

A

Flat

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7
Q

What type of bone is the mandible?

A

Irregular

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8
Q

What type of bone is the clavicle?

A

Flat

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9
Q

What type of bone is the sternum?

A

Flat

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10
Q

What type of bone is the scapula?

A

Flat

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11
Q

What type of bone are the ribs?

A

Flat

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12
Q

What type of bone is the humerus?

A

Long

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13
Q

What type of bone is the radius?

A

Long

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14
Q

What type of bone is the ulna?

A

Long

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15
Q

What type of bone are the carpals?

A

Short

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16
Q

What type of bone are the metacarpals?

A

Long

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17
Q

What type of bone are the phalanges?

A

Long

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18
Q

What type of bone is the pelvis?

A

Flat

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19
Q

What type of bone is the vertebral column?

A

Irregular

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20
Q

What type of bone is the femur?

A

Long

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21
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid

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22
Q

What type of bone is the tibia?

A

Long

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23
Q

What type of bone is the fibula?

A

Long

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24
Q

What type of bone are the tarsals?

A

Short

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25
Q

What type of bone are the metatarsals?

A

Long

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26
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A tissue which joins muscle to bone

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27
Q

What is a ligament?

A

A tissue which joins bone to bone

28
Q

What is cartilage?

A

A pad of tissue which acts as a shock absorber and prevents friction at ends of bones

29
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?

A
  • Muscle attachment
  • Formation of joints
  • Protection
  • Production
  • Mineral storage
30
Q

Muscle attachment

A
  • Bones provide a place for muscles to attach

- When the muscles contract they pull the bones allowing movement

31
Q

Formation of joints

A
  • Movement occur at a joint
  • Where bones meet they form a joint
  • Ligaments help stabilise the joint
32
Q

Protection

A
  • Protect vital organs
33
Q

Production

A
  • Some bones contain bone marrow- makes components of blood
34
Q

Mineral storage

A
  • Bones store minerals (e.g. calcium and phosphorus)
  • These help with bone strength
  • Needed for muscle contraction so the body can move
35
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where 2 or more bones meet

36
Q

Which bones make up the elbow joint?

A
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Humerus
37
Q

Which bones make up the shoulder joint?

A
  • Clavicle
  • Humerus
  • Scapula
38
Q

Which bones make up the hip joint?

A
  • Pelvis

- Femur

39
Q

Which bones make up the knee joint?

A
  • Patella
  • Fibula
  • Tibia
  • Femur
40
Q

Which bones make up the neck joint?

A
  • Atlas

- Axis

41
Q

Which bones make up the wrist joint?

A
  • Carpals

- Metacarpals

42
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge

43
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder?

A

Ball and socket

44
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Ball and socket

45
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Hinge

46
Q

What type of joint is the neck?

A

Pivot

47
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A

Condyloid

48
Q

What are the 4 types of joints?

A
  • Hinge
  • Ball and socket
  • Pivot
  • Condyloid
49
Q

What are the 8 types of movement possible at a joint?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Rotation
  • Circumduction
  • Plantar flexion
  • Dorsi flexion
50
Q

What is flexion?

A

When the angle at the joint decreases

51
Q

What is extension?

A

When the angle at the joint increases

52
Q

What is abduction?

A

The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

53
Q

What is adduction?

A

The movement of a limb towards the midline of the body

54
Q

What is rotation?

A

When the bone at the joint moves around its own axis, making a circular motion

55
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Movement in the shape of a cone, allows 360 degree movement

56
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Pointing toes

57
Q

What is dorsi flexion?

A

Movement of the foot upwards towards the shin

58
Q

Where does flexion happen?

A
  • Hinge
  • Ball and socket
  • Condyloid
59
Q

Where does extension happen?

A
  • Hinge
  • Ball and socket
  • Condyloid
60
Q

Where does abduction happen?

A
  • Ball and socket

- Condyloid

61
Q

Where does adduction happen?

A
  • Ball and socket

- Condyloid

62
Q

Where does rotation happen?

A
  • Ball and socket

- Pivot

63
Q

Where does circumduction happen?

A
  • Ball and socket

- Condyloid

64
Q

Where does plantar flexion happen?

A
  • Ankle joint (hinge) only
65
Q

Where does dorsi flexion happen?

A
  • Ankle joint (hinge) only

PE (12 decks)

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