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PE > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle fibres?

A
  • Slow twitch: Type 1
  • Fast twitch: Type 2a
  • Fast twitch: Type 2x
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2
Q

Muscle fibres: force of contraction

A

Type 1- low
Type 2a- high
Type 2x- very high

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3
Q

Muscle fibres: speed of contraction

A

Type 1- slow
Type 2a- moderate
Type 2x- fast

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4
Q

Muscle fibres: resistance to fatigue

A

Type 1- high
Type 2a- moderate
Type 2x- low

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5
Q

Muscle fibres: aerobic or anaerobic

A

Type 1- aerobic
Type 2a- aerobic and anaerobic
Type 2x- anaerobic

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6
Q

Muscle fibres: endurance

A

Type 1- high
Type 2a- medium
Type 2x- low

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7
Q

Muscle fibres: myoglobin

A

Type 1- high
Type 2a- medium
Type 2x- low

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8
Q

Muscle fibres: mitochondria

A

Type 1- high
Type 2a- medium
Type 2x- low

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9
Q

Type 1 muscle fibre advantages

A
  • Good for running for longer
  • High aerobic capacity
  • Slow to fatigue
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10
Q

Type 2a muscle fibre advantages

A
  • More resistant to fatigue than type 2x
  • More power than type 1
  • Good strength and endurance
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11
Q

Type 2x muscle fibre advantages

A
  • Good for short, explosive actions that require power, strength and speed
  • Very high anaerobic capacity
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12
Q

Type 1 muscle fibre disadvantages

A
  • Don’t produce much power or speed

- Low anaerobic capacity

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13
Q

Type 2a muscle fibre disadvantages

A
  • Not as powerful as type 2x

- Not as resistant to fatigue as type 1

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14
Q

Type 2x muscle fibre disadvantages

A
  • Very low aerobic capacity

- Very low fatigue resistance

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15
Q

What are voluntary muscles?

A
  • Muscles that we can control

- E.g. skeletal muscles that are attached to the skeleton via tendons

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16
Q

What are involuntary muscles?

A
  • Muscles that are found in places such as blood vessels, stomach and intestines
  • The contract slowly and rhythmically
  • Contract automatically when required- not under our control
17
Q

What is the cardiac muscle?

A
  • The muscle that forms the heart

- Unconsciously controlled

18
Q

How do muscles move?

A
  • Muscles are attached to bones by tendons

- When the muscle contracts, the tendon pulls the bone into action, creating movement

19
Q

Muscle movement: deltoids

A
  • Abduct the arm at the shoulder

- E.g. bowling in cricket

20
Q

Muscle movement: pectoralis major

A
  • Adducts the arm at the shoulder

- E.g. follow through from a forehand in tennis

21
Q

Muscle movement: biceps

A
  • Flexion of the arm at the elbow

- E.g. drawing a bow in archery

22
Q

Muscle movement: triceps

A
  • Extension of the arm at the elbow

- E.g. preparing to throw the javelin

23
Q

Muscle movement: latissimus dorsi

A
  • Adducts the upper arm at the shoulders/rotates the humerus
  • (Pulls your arms down at the shoulders and behind your back)
  • E.g. bringing your arms back to your side after a straight jump
24
Q

Muscle movement: external obliques

A
  • Rotates the trunk and helps pull chest down

- E.g. turning to throw in javelin

25
Q

Muscle movement: hip flexors

A
  • Flexion of the leg at the hip

- E.g. drive phase in sprinting

26
Q

Muscle movement: gluteus maximus

A
  • Extension of the leg at the hip

- E.g. preparing to kick a football

27
Q

Muscle movement: quadriceps

A
  • Extension of the leg at the knee

- E.g. high kick in karate

28
Q

Muscle movement: hamstrings

A
  • Flexion of the leg at the knee

- E.g. Trail leg when going over a hurdle

29
Q

Muscle movement: gastrocnemius

A
  • Plantar flexion at the ankle

- E.g. when kicking a ball in football/rugby

30
Q

Muscle movement: tibial is anterior

A
  • Dorsi flexion at the ankle

- E.g. follow through after making contact with a football

31
Q

Muscle movement: trapezius

A
  • Rotation of the head at the neck

- E.g. heading a ball in football

PE (12 decks)

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