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LARE Prep - Planning & Design > The Site Design Process > Flashcards

The Site Design Process Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 types of smartgrowth development advocated for in LARE

A

mixed use

transit oriented

cluster

planned unit

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2
Q

What 5 things should be assumed to be central goals in planning and design (per LARE)

A

protect enviornment from unecessary impacts
RESTORE evironmentally degraded areas
REUSE already developed sites
BUILD COMPACT walkable and distinctive spaces
CONSERVE resources

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3
Q

What is form based code

A

is a type of land development regulation that uses the physical form of the built environs as its primary organzing principle

unlike zoning form based code can promote high quality urban design

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4
Q

What is a FAR

A

Floor Area Ratio - establishes the ratio between the gross square footage of a building the the size of the lot

i,e a 1 story building covering 100% of the lot would have an FAR of 1

a 1 story building covering 50% would have an FAR of .5
a 4 story building covering 50% would have an FAR of 2

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5
Q

What are the benefits of mixed used development (7)

A

provide SENSE OF PLACE

EFFECIENT HIGH DENSITY DEV

mixed uses cater to DIVERSE PUBLIC

ACTIVE public spaces

enourages PEDESTRIAN ACTIVITY and PUBLIC TRANSIT

INCREASE SAFETY due to increased usage

promotes URBAN INFILL, REDEVELOPMENT AND HISTORIC RE-USE

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6
Q

List some of the challenges of Mixed-use development (5)

A

zoning discourages mixed use

COMPLEX financing

increased PROJECT COMPLEXITY

extensive INTERDISCPLINARY COORDINATION

extended and complex DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL PROCESS

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7
Q

What is TOD

A

Transit oriented development - encourages high desnity development in areas surrounding mulit-modal transporation hubs

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8
Q

What radius of development do TOD principles state should guide development around transit hubs at different locations

A

1/8 mile of transit hubs in downtown areas

1/2 development radius around mass transit stations in all other conditions

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9
Q

What is a “primary area” inTOD development

A

the 1/4 mile area around a transit hub is considered to be the “primary” area for TOD developments

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10
Q

What is a “secondary area” in TOD development

A

areas between 1/4 mile and 1/2 mile

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11
Q

What 7 principles guide TOD development

A

encourage high density dev

mitigate urban sprawl

mix commercial and residential use

provide housing for all price ranges

reduce parking requirements

encourage use of public transit

create walkable communities and active public spaces

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12
Q

What is cluster development and how is it different from TOD

A

cluster developments do not increase development density on a site - rather they take the total # of develoment units allowed on a site and group the units into clusters of greater density to preserve open space

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13
Q

What are the benfits of cluster development

A

preserve open space and site character

protect natural and historic resources

reduce impervious surfaces

lower constrcution costs for streets and utlities

reduce site distrubance and grading

reduce visual impact of communities

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14
Q

What is a planned unit development? what landuse regulation are they typically framed as?

A

PUD’s are a tract of land that is controlled by one entity and planned and developed as a single development (at once or instages) over a relatively long period of time

PUD’s typcially framed as a rezoned special district

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15
Q

What do PUD’s allow for that makes them flexible?

A

mixed use development, consolidation of multiple parcels into single master plan.

allow for flexibility in meeting the density requirements and land use requirements for a site as a whole - to protect senstivie areas and create walkable neighborhoods

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16
Q

What types of sites / development does LARE emphasize

A

redevelopment and reuse of land via urban infill sites

Greenfield sites

Brownfield sites

Greyfield sites

Residential lot sites

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17
Q

For sake of LARE what should be assumed about a greenfield site

A

development of greenfield sites (undeveloped, park, pasture, conservation areas or agricultural sites) should be discouraged whenever possible as they provide a variety of essential ecosystem services

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18
Q

What should be assumed about a brownfeild site?

A

the presence or potential presence of hazardous waste. pllutants and contamination via past uses

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19
Q

What doe all browfield sites require prior to sale of of property?

A

a Phase I envrionmental assessment to analyze past and current site ownership

20
Q

What is required if contaminants are found in a phase 1 environmental assessment

A

a Phase II environmental assessment is required to determine location and remediation of contaminants on site

21
Q

What is a greyfield site? What are they typically characterized by?

A

an underutilized or abandoned retail or commercial property located in urban and suburban areas.

Larke commerical buildings surrounded by parking lots with little to no veg

22
Q

What is urban infill? when are they most successfull?

A

the practice of developing vacant or underutilized properties within an existing community or urban area

most success when they MATCH and respect the context of their surrounding neighborhood - reflecting the massing scale, proportion and design attributes of nearby buildings

23
Q

What are the challenges to urban infill? (5)

A

RESTRICTIVE ZONING

EXPENSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

PARKING REQUIREMENTS difficult

COMMUNITY oppostion

complex and DIFFICULT FINANCING

24
Q

What three factors make residential developments easier than other forms

A

small lots
less restricitve setbacks
lot widths that allow for increase allowable lot coverage

25
Q

What is a deep and narrow lot configuration - what are its pros and cons

A

results in garage and front facing street to maximize rear space

produces unattractive views from street

minimal privacy - adjacent props with higher stories can peer into yard

26
Q

shallow wide lots pros and cons

A

development costs are higher with few units per linear foot of utilities and road

seen as less desirable than deep and narrow because rear private space is limited

27
Q

Alley houses characteristics

A

garage and driveways at rear - absent from front streetscape

aesthically pleasing neighborhoods

increase cost with addtion of the alley - resulitng in smaller lots overall to offset cost of alley

28
Q

what is a z lot - what are its defining characteristics

A

a zero lot line property - when house is placed at or near one property line

often slanted relative to street to increase appearance of lot widths

29
Q

Describe generally the concept development phase of the design process

A

comes after site analysis

first time designers starts to consider what goes where

explores, evaluates and compares various design solutions for a project and site

30
Q

Describe the key goals and activities (9) of concept design as defined by LA Documentation standards

A

synthesize data from site analysis

CONTINUE to develop and evaluate the program

consider design alternatives

draft a DESIGN BREIF based off of the design intent

ESTABLISH PERFORMANCE METRICS

UTILIZE design studies and eval relationships between programmatic elements

complete an ESTIMATE OF PROBABLE COST

organize preliminary phasing

determine needs for interdisciplinary coordination

31
Q

When refining a concept - what are the 4 key on-site determinants to be considered?

A

physical conditions

regulations and standards

open space

boundary interface with offsite properties and public infrastructure

32
Q

When refining a concept - what the 4 key OFF site determinants to be considerred?

A

neighborhood and regional character

nuisances

number and location of site entrances

presence of significant views

33
Q

What should be assumed about the location of entry and exit points in design on LARE?

A

entry and exit points should connect to any preexisting ciruclation patterns without putting users in danger

They should align with or corresond with existing axis - for example with a building of importance nearby

34
Q

what is a concept plan - how does it differ from a fucntional use diagram

A

concept plans loosely illustrate proposed program areas in bubbles or arrows to scale on a site

a functional use diagram shows bubbles and arrows (not to scale and not in realtionship to the site)

35
Q

What 8 elements always appear on a concept plan

A

open space
buildings
landmarks
vehicle cirulation
pedestrian circulation
other circulation
utitlies
views

36
Q

what is the schematic design phase of a project - what does it articulate that the concept plan doesn’t

A

schematic plan refines elements of concept plan into dimensioned, scaled and articulated features proposed on the site, such as pathways, parkinlots, buildings walls, hard and soft spaces

37
Q

What is the goal of the schematic design phase (as it relates to the following design dev phase)

A

to develop a clearly defined and feasible scheme for the project that can be translated into the design development

38
Q

List the 13 goals and activities of the schematic design process as summarized in LA documentation standards

A

refine content from the concept phase

develop a site context plan

ID a preferred plan option

dcoment compliance and regulatory requirements

coordinate prefferred plan with off site systems

estimate probably cost for preferred plan

create project cover sheet

develop study models and character images

prepare illustrative graphics

develop sketch details

define a materials pallette

prepare a construction phasing diagram

prepare a BASIS OF DESIGN

39
Q

What is a basis of design (BOD) ? What does it outline and what other document (of the client’s) does it support?

A

a set of documents developed during the SCHEMATIC DESIGN phase used to FORMALLY ESTABLISH A PROJECT’S DESIGN INTENT and to EVALUATE CONFORMANCE WITH THE DESIRED DESIGN

it provides a comprehensive record of the principles and decision making process behind design choices

it oulines how the design will fulfill the OWNER’S PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

40
Q

What basis does a BOD provide for analysis of the design

Is a BOD udpated?

A

establishes key performance metrics and technical specs that provide basis for comparing design alternatives and selecting the most suitable option

it is updated through the design development phase and construction documentaiton phase

41
Q

What is the design development phase ? how does it differ from the schematic and concept dev phases?

A

concept and schematic address project as a whole

design development used to address specific systems and components of a preferred project design

emphasis is placed on three dim studies of the proposed design

42
Q

What three key questions are addressed during design devleoment

A

is the design coordinated?

will the design perform as intended?

is the design fully resolved?

43
Q

what are the 7 key goals and activies of the DESIGN DEVELOPMENT phase

A

communicate team ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

identify INTERDISCIPLINARY COORDINATION needs

ESTABLISH CONVENTIONS for QC, CAD, etc

CONFIRM REGULATORY/ PERMITTING DRAWING APPROVAL PROCESS (submittal number and type)

id DEADLINES AND SCHEDULE

create mock ups of the document set and specifications

develop and refine a construction budget

44
Q
A
45
Q

How do DD’s inform CDs

A

DD’s establish conventions used as the foundation for CD’s such as

document set orgnaization

sheet layout content (scale names ect)

detail names and numbering

drawing notation and convetnions

specs format and organization

LARE Prep - Planning & Design (9 decks)

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