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Social Psychology > The Self > Flashcards

The Self Flashcards

Exam 1

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1
Q

What are the 3 components of our “social self”?

A

1) Self-concept & self-knowledge
2) Self-esteem
3) Self-behaviors

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2
Q

What is self-concept?

A

Total beliefs you have about yourself and can communicate to other people (“I am” statements)

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3
Q

What is self-complexity?

A

People are said to be more self-complex if they have more “selves” and id they describe each self in a different way (different parts of you that are enhanced)

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4
Q

What are possible selves?

A

Images of who we wish to be and who we fear being (these are selves motivating to us)

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5
Q

What are the 5 ways in which we know who we are?

A

1) Introspection
2) Perceptions of behavior
3) Influences of others
4) Autobiographical memory
5) Culture

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6
Q

What is introspection?

A

Looking inward to examine thoughts, feelings, and motives

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7
Q

What is affective forecasting?

A

People have difficulty predicting the intensity and duration of future emotions (thought you would act one way and then end up acting another)

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8
Q

What is self-perception theory?

A

When we are unsure, we look to our own behavior in infer our motives (look at our behavior to better understand our emotions)

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9
Q

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

A

Changes in facial expression can lead to changes in emotion

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10
Q

What are upward comparisons?

A

Comparing yourself to others who are better at something than you

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11
Q

What are downward comparisons?

A

Comparing yourself to someone who is worse than you

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12
Q

What are flashbulb memories?

A

Enduring, detailed memories of important events

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13
Q

What is individualism?

A

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals

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14
Q

What are some examples of individualism?

A

Western societies (America), Independent self-concept, describing yourself in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications, Downward comparisons

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15
Q

What is collectivism?

A

Giving priority to the group goals and describing the self by your social identity

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16
Q

What are some examples of collectivism?

A

Eastern societies (Eastern Asia), Interdependent self-concept, less focus on the self - more on helping social groups, harmony within the group, upward comparisons

17
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

A person’s overall positive and negative self-evaluation or sense of self-worth

18
Q

What is sociometer theory?

A

Use self-esteem as a gauge to measure how socially accepted vs rejected we are

19
Q

What is terror management theory?

A

Cope with fear of death by constructing worldviews that help to preserve our self-esteem (used to explain religious, political and social views)

20
Q

What is self-discrepancy theory?

A

Theory of how we come to have high/low self-esteem

21
Q

What is your actual self?

A

Who you actually are right now

22
Q

What is your ought self?

A

Who you ought to be (who other people say you should be)

23
Q

What is your ideal self?

A

Who you would ideally be (internal, in the future)

24
Q

What does an actual and ought discrepancy mean?

A

Creates guilt, shame, and anxiety

25
Q

What does an actual and ideal discrepancy mean?

A

Creates disappointment frustration

26
Q

What is self-awareness theory?

A

Self-awareness increases when in front of mirror, talking about ourselves, on camera, etc.

27
Q

What is private self-consciousness?

A

Inner thoughts and feelings

28
Q

What is public self-consciousness?

A

Focus on outer public image

29
Q

What did the forehead “E” study (Hass, 1984) find?

A

Those with high public SC were more likely to write outward facing E compared to those with high private SC

30
Q

What are the 4 methods of self-enhancement?

A

1) Self-serving bias
2) Self-handicapping
3) BIRGing
4) Downward social comparison

31
Q

What is self-serving bias?

A

Blame failures on external events but take credit for successes (leads us to see ourselves as better than average)

32
Q

What is self-handicapping?

A

Protecting one’s self-image (from yourself and others) by creating obstacles to performance in order to have an excuse if you fail

33
Q

What is BIRGing?

A

“Basking in Reflected Glory” (BIRG) increase self-esteem by associating with successful others

34
Q

What are downward social comparisons?

A

Compare with people who are worse off to make ourselves feel better (“At least I’m not…”)

35
Q

What is self-monitoring?

A

Personality characteristic where one adjusts their self-presentation in order to create desired impression (social chameleons or social actors)

Social Psychology (9 decks)

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